Konke mayelana nezezimali eziluhlaza

Sibhekene nesimo esiphuthumayo sezulu, ukuhlanganisa ezezimali kubalulekile ukuxhasa ngezimali uguquko lwezemvelo. Izimali eziluhlaza ziqukethe ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwezimali emisebenzini egcina imvelo nenhlalo. Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda ikhabhoni emnothweni ngokutshala izimali ezinkulu emandleni avuselelekayo, ukulungisa okushisayo, ezokuthutha ezihlanzekile kanye nayo yonke imikhakha ebalulekile yenguquko.

Nokho, isabelo sezimali eziluhlaza sisesencane ezingeni lomhlaba. Yena ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kubalulekile ukuba nethemba lokuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye nokuhlonipha Isivumelwano saseParis. Umsebenzi omkhulu udinga ukuqwashisa nokugqugquzelwa kwabo bonke abadlali bezezimali.

Kulesi sihloko, thola konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezimali eziluhlaza, izindaba zayo ezibalulekile kanye nezisekelo zokuyithuthukisa ngezinga elikhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqale, nansi ungaba kanjani usomabhizinisi ophumelelayo.

📍 Iyini i-green finance?

Ezezimali eziluhlaza, ebizwa nangokuthi ezezimali ezisimeme noma ezezimali ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, iqukethe ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwezimali kumaphrojekthi kanye nezinkampani ezifaka isandla kahle ekuguqukeni kwemvelo namandla.

Ngokuqondile, ezezimali eziluhlaza zifuna:

• Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwegesi greenhouse effect, ikakhulukazi ngokuxhasa ngezimali amandla avuselelekayo, ukulungiswa kwe-thermal, ukuhamba kancane kanye nezolimo eziqhubekayo
• Londoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngokuxhasa ngezimali ukuvikela imvelo
• Ukulwa nokungcola ngazo zonke izinhlobo zako (umoya, amanzi, inhlabathi)
• Lungiselela ukuphatha izinsiza zemvelo, ngokusebenzisa umnotho oyindilinga ngokwesibonelo
• Ukusiza izindawo ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
• Thuthukisa ukuqina ukonga lapho kubhekene nezingozi zemvelo.

Ezezimali eziluhlaza zisebenzisa amaleveli ahlukene kulokhu: ukutshalwa kwezimali okusimeme, amabhondi aluhlaza, imali mboleko yomxhaso eluhlaza, umshwalense wesimo sezulu, ukubika okwengeziwe ngokwezimali, njll. Abadlali bayo baningi: abatshalizimali, amabhange, abamshuwalense, Amazwe, njll. Umeluleki Wezezimali uzokutshela kangcono.

📍 Kungani kubalulekile?

Izimali eziluhlaza zibalulekile ukuhlangabezana nazo isimo esiphuthumayo semvelo nesimo sezulu. Ngokusho kwe-IPCC, ukufudumala kwembulunga kufanele kukhawulelwe ku +1,5°C ngo-2100 ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emangazayo.🌡️

Ukufeza lokhu, kuyadingeka nciphisa kakhulu futhi ngokushesha Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuyo yonke imikhakha. Lokhu kudinga ukuguqulwa okujulile kwezindlela zethu zokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa.

Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho ludinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, kwe-oda lama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Izimali eziluhlaza zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa le mali ukuze kuxhaswe i-decarbonization yomnotho. 🌱

Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuqondiswa kabusha kokugeleza kwezimali, cishe kuzoba nzima ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu ezibekwe yiSivumelwano saseParis. Ngakho-ke ezezimali zineqhaza elikhulu okufanele zilibambe sheshisa uguquko lwezemvelo. Iphethe ezinye zezihluthulelo zekusasa elisimeme.

👥 Obani abadlali kwezezimali eziluhlaza?

Abadlali abaningi bezezimali babambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezimali eziluhlaza:

Amabhange, ngokubolekwa imali okuluhlaza emabhizinisini nakubantu ngamaphrojekthi asimeme. Abaphathi bempahla nezikhwamas izinkampani zokutshalwa kwezimali, ezabela ingxenye yamaphothifoliyo azo ezinkampanini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo noma amaphrojekthi aluhlaza.

Abatshalizimali bezikhungo njengezikhwama zempesheni noma izinkampani zomshwalense, ezibambisene kakhulu namasu okutshala imali e-ESG.

Ama-ejensi wokulinganisa extra-financial, ehlola ukusebenza kwe-ESG kwezinkampani. Izifundazwe, ezamukela imithethonqubo yokukhuthaza abadlali bezezimali ukuthi bahlanganise ubungozi besimo sezulu ezinqumweni zabo.

Abalawuli bezezimali, echaza izindinganiso nezibopho zokungafihli lutho mayelana nezimali ezisimeme. Amabhange amaphakathis, engaxhasa ngezimali izikweletu eziluhlaza noma ingafaki impahla ethile engcolisayo ezinhlelweni zayo.

Osomabhizinisi, ama-startups nama-SME anikezela ngezinto ezintsha nezisombululo kwezezimali. THEama-NGO kanye nezinhlangano, okuqwashisa abantu futhi kukhuthaze imikhuba emihle. Uguquko ludinga ukugqugquzelwa okudidiyelwe kwabo bonke laba badlali.

📍 Yiziphi izindawo ezihloswe yi-green finance

Izimali eziluhlaza noma ezezimali ezisimeme zihlose ukuqondisa ukutshalwa kwezimali nemisebenzi yezezimali kumaphrojekthi namabhizinisi ahlonipha imvelo nentuthuko esimeme. Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko ezihloswe yi-green finance:

1. Amandla avuselelekayo

Umkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo usenkabeni yezimali eziluhlaza. Ihlose ukuxhasa ngezimali ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile ukuze ithathele indawo yezinto ezibaswayo ezikhipha ikhabhoni. igesi ebamba ukushisa.

Isici esiyinhloko ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamapulazi amakhulu omoya asogwini nasogwini kanye nezitshalo ezinkulu zamandla elanga ezisebenza nge-photovoltaic noma ezigxilile. Lawa maphrojekthi amakhulu adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okufunwa yizimali ezisimeme ezivela ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, izikhwama zemvelo noma abatshalizimali abazimele.

Kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphinde kuthinte ukufakwa okuncane: amapulazi omoya ezakhamuzi, izindawo zokuphehla amandla elanga ezisophahleni, amayunithi amancane ezolimo, izimboni zamandla kagesi amancane, njll. Inhloso ukukhuthaza ingxube yamandla aluhlaza kanye nokwahlukaniswa.

Uxhaso luphinde luhlanganise nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obufana namandla e-geothermal kagesi nokushisisa, noma ama-biofuels esizukulwane esisha esivela ku-biomass. Enye indawo ebalulekile ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi oluhlaza ngezikhathi ezithile (amabhethri, iziteshi zokudlulisa amandla omoya acindezelwe, ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, njll.).

2. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla

Ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile, ezezimali eziluhlaza zigxile ezindleleni zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwethu kwamandla kuzo zonke ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Embonini esindayo (yensimbi, usimende, amakhemikhali, ukwenza amaphepha, njll.), ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi kuzenze zingabi namandla kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinto ezintsha, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, amasistimu okubuyisela ukushisa noma ukufakwa kukagesi kwezinqubo.

Umkhakha wokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokuhlala nezemfundo ephakeme nawo uwumgomo omkhulu wokuxhasa ngezimali izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuvuselela amandla kagesi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqugquzelwa kwe-thermal okuqinisiwe, ukushintshwa kwamasistimu okushisa aguga/ama-air conditioning, ukufakwa kwemishini eyonga amandla (I-LED, izinto zasendlini zekilasi A+++, njll..) kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezixazululo zokuphatha amandla ezihlakaniphile (amagridi ahlakaniphile).

I-Mobility ingenye indawo ebalulekile, etshalwa imali ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimoto ezixubile ezisebenza ngogesi nezixhunywayo, ukwenza izithuthi zomphakathi zibe zesimanjemanje, kuthuthukiswe izinto zezokuthutha ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola, nokukhuthaza ukuhamba kancane. Kukhona nemizamo eyenziwayo ekwakhekeni kwe-eco-design yezimoto ukuze zihlale zilula futhi zikwazi ukundiza.

Okokugcina, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuhlose ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kweminye imikhakha yezomnotho eminingi ngokuxhasa ngezimali ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku, ukuqeqeshwa, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, izitifiketi, njll.

3. Ukuphathwa okusimeme kwemithombo yemvelo

Ngale koguquko lwamandla, ezezimali eziluhlaza zihlose ukulondoloza imithombo yemvelo ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezidingo zabantu kanye nomnotho.

Emkhakheni wezolimo, izimali ziqondiswe ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo eziqhubekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuxhasa ngezimali ukuguqulelwa ekulimeni kwemvelo, i-agroforestry, i-agroecology, izitshalo ze-permaculture noma ngisho nokwehliswa kokufakwa kwamakhemikhali. Enye i-axis ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi akhona kanye nokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulima nokugawulwa kwezihlahla ezinomthwalo wemfanelo nezisimeme.

Ingxenye yoxhaso inikezelwe ekuvikeleni nasekubuyiseleni imvelo yemvelo, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi enkulu yemvelo yomhlaba. Izimali ezisimeme ziphinde zisekele izinhlelo zokuphatha ezididiyelwe neziphusile zemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile nezindawo ezisogwini.

Kodwa umnyombo wenselelo usekuthuthukisweni kwemodeli yezomnotho eyindilinga okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, ukulungisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. izinsiza nokumosha. Kufanele sixhase ngezimali kakhulu ukwenziwa kwengqalasizinda yokulawulwa kwemfucuza ibe yesimanjemanje, ukusatshalaliswa kokubuyiselwa, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nemikhakha yezomnotho eyindilinga kuyo yonke imikhakha yemisebenzi.

4. Ukuhamba okuhlanzekile

Ezokuthutha ngomunye wemikhakha eyinhloko ekhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke ukushintshela ekuhlanzeni, ukuhamba ngekhabhoni ephansi kubaluleke kakhulu kwezezimali eziluhlaza.

Ingxenye enkulu yokutshalwa kwezimali iqondiswe ekutshalweni okukhulu kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja ehambisanayo (amatheminali, amagridi ahlakaniphile). Ngaphezu kwezimoto zikagesi namaveni, uxhaso lwezimali luhlanganisa namabhasi nezimoto ezithwala impahla esindayo ezisebenza ngogesi noma zisebenzisa ezinye izinjini ezihlanzekile (i-hydrogen, njll.).

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi nakho kuyisihloko sokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ukuze kunikeze izakhamizi ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izimoto ezizimele: imigqa emisha kamasipala, amathilamu, amabhasi ahlanzekile, izitimela zesifunda, njll. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izixazululo ezithambile nezintsha zokuhamba zidinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali.

Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, ukwenziwa kahle kwezinto kanye nokugudluzwa kwezindlela zokuthutha ezonga amandla kakhudlwana (ojantshi, olwandle, nomfula) kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni emkhakheni. Izimali eziluhlaza ziphinde ziqhubekisele phambili ukwenziwa kwemikhumbi yesimanjemanje kanye nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphemba uhlaza (i-LNG, ama-biofuels aqhubekayo, i-hydrogen, njll.).

Okokugcina, ukuhamba "fresh” ukuqina nokususwa kwekhabhoni akumele kudlule ekutshalweni kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yamabhayisikili, izindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo, ukwabelana ngezimoto kanye nezinsiza zokuhlanganisa izimoto, njll.

5. Iingqalasizinda eluhlaza

Uxhaso lwezimali oluluhlaza luphinde lungenelele ekuxhaseni ngezimali ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe yezemvelo ukuze kulungiselelwe amadolobha nezindawo ukubhekana nezinselelo zentuthuko esimeme.

Okugxilwe kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekulungisweni kwezakhiwo ezigunyazwe “ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemvelo” (I-LEED, BREAM, HQE, njll.). Lokhu kungabandakanya izakhiwo ezingathathi hlangothi nge-carbon ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio-based, i-bioclimatic design, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla esizeni.

Amanzi okuphuza asemadolobheni kanye namanethiwekhi okukhucululwa kwendle nawo ayisihloko sokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze asebenze kahle, avikeleke futhi akwazi ukumelana nezimo. Izimali eziluhlaza zixhasa ngezimali ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi ezithuthuke kakhulu, izindawo zokukhuculula indle ezingayingeni imvelo kanye nezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ukuqoqwa kwamanzi angcolile kube yisimanjemanje kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula amanzi emvula.

Ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwemfucuza kamasipala kungenye into ebalulekile ekuxhaseni ngezimali ingqalasizinda enikelwe ekuhlungeni, ekusetshenzisweni kabusha, ekuhlaziyeni nasekulungiseni izinsalela zokugcina. Izimali eziluhlaza ziphinde ziphushe amadolobha ukuthi athuthukise izindawo eziluhlaza, amaphasishi aluhlaza, ezolimo zasemadolobheni kanye nokuguqulwa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.

I-athikili okufanele ifundwe: Kungani yenza ibhizinisi ngaphakathit?

🏁 Ukuvala

Ukugqugquzelwa kwezimali ekuhlinzekeni isimo sezulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele uguquko lwezemvelo. Izimali eziluhlaza zinamandla amakhulu okuqeda ikhabhoni umnotho uma uthuthuka ngezinga elikhulu. Kungase kube umshayeli onqumayo woshintsho oluya kumodeli esimeme.

Izinselelo zinkulu, kodwa ngokunjalo namathuba. Sisekhona isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo! ⏱️ Izixazululo zikhona, inqobo nje uma ubeka ezezimali eziluhlaza enhliziyweni yezinto ezibalulekile. Ama-levers amaningi ayatholakala kumabhizinisi, izifundazwe kanye nezakhamizi ukusheshisa le ntuthuko ebalulekile.

Ikusasa leplanethi yethu lisezandleni zethu. Kufanele kube nokuhlanganisa okuphelele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenselelo enkulu yoguquko lwezemvelo. Green ezezimali has ukuhlangana nomlando ! Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ngikushiye, yini a akukho ukuhlola kokusungula, yini a isibopho somcebo?

I-FAQ - Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezezimali eziluhlaza

Iyini i-green finance?

Izimali ezisizungezile zibandakanya ukuhlanganisa imibandela yezemvelo, yezenhlalakahle kanye nokubusa (ESG) ezinqumweni zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemisebenzi yomkhakha wezezimali. Inhloso ukuqondisa ukungena kwezimali emisebenzini namaphrojekthi asimeme emvelweni nasemphakathini.

Yiziphi amathuluzi ezezimali eziluhlaza?

Amathuluzi amakhulu yilawa:

• Izimali eziluhlaza: izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezigxile ezimpahleni eziluhlaza (amasheya noma amabhondi ezinkampani ezifaka isandla ekuguqukeni kwezemvelo).
• Amabhondi aluhlaza: izindaba zebhondi ezibekelwe ukuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi anezinzuzo zemvelo.
• Imali mboleko eluhlaza: izikweletu zamabhange ezixhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi noma izimpahla ezisimeme.
• Ukutshala imali okunomthelela: ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlosiwe ezinkampanini/amaphrojekthi anomthelela ophezulu kwezenhlalo noma kwezemvelo.

Obani abadlali kwezezimali eziluhlaza?

Bonke abadlali bezezimali bakhathazekile: amabhange, izinkampani zomshwalense, izinkampani zokuphatha impahla, abatshalizimali bezikhungo. Izinkampani ziphinde zikhiphe amabhondi aluhlaza engeziwe ukuze zixhase ngezimali uguquko lwazo lwezemvelo.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zezimali eziluhlaza?

Kubatshalizimali, kumayelana nokulawula ubungozi besimo sezulu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusimama kwamaphothifoliyo. Ezinkampanini ezixhaswe ngezimali, lokhu kusiza ukusheshisa uguquko lwazo lwekhabhoni ephansi. Ezingeni elikhulu, lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukufudumala komhlaba ngokuqondisa kabusha ukutshalwa kwezimali.

Iyini imikhawulo yamanje?

Imizamo isadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuwashwa luhlaza kanye nokuqinisekisa umthelela omuhle wangempela wemikhiqizo yezezimali ebhalwe ukuthi “luhlaza”. Isabelo sokutshalwa kwezimali esihambisana neSivumelwano saseParis sihlala sisencane.

Indlela yokuqinisa ezezimali eziluhlaza?

Ngokwakha amalebula afunayo, ukubeka obala kwababambe iqhaza ngokubika okuqinile kwe-ESG, kanye nemithetho ebophayo ukuze kuqondiswe imali ngempumelelo emisebenzini enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nemisebenzi eqhubekayo.