Amanyathelo ama-5 okulawula umngcipheko wemali yakho

Ukuhla kwamaxabiso otshintshiselwano into yemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwiholide ecwangcisa uhambo oluya phesheya kwaye ezibuza ukuba nini kwaye njani ukufumana imali yendawo, kwintlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ukuthenga nokuthengisa kumazwe amaninzi, impembelelo yempazamo ingaba nkulu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba imali kunye neereyithi zokutshintshiselana zezobhanki kuphela, lixesha lokucinga kwakhona.

Imingcipheko yemali ichaphazela onke amashishini aphesheya. Ukuba ucinga ukuba imali kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano yinto kuphela ababhanki abafanele bakhathazeke ngayo, Cinga kwakhona.

Amashishini amaninzi asesichengeni somngcipheko wemali, nokuba ayayiqonda okanye hayi. Ngotshintsho lwamva nje lweemali zehlabathi, umngcipheko wemali ubuyile kwi-ajenda yeenkampani ezinabathengi, ababoneleli okanye imveliso kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokusasazeka kwecoronavirus, uMatshi no-Epreli bazise ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano. Imithetho engqongqo yokuqulatha ukuqhambuka iluthobile uqoqosho lwehlabathi, ibangela ukwehla okuhambelanayo kwamaxabiso eoyile kunye neemarike zestock.

Imarike ijonge iindawo ezikhuselekileyo, ezijikayo i-yen yaseJapan, idola yaseMelika kunye nefranc yaseSwitzerland. Iimali ezincinci kunye neemali zentengiso zihlupheke, ngakumbi i-NOK, le SEK, AUD, NZD kunye neemali zeemarike ezikhulayo, nangona ezinye zokuhla kwexabiso zitshintshile ukususela ngo-Epreli.

Isifundo esingundoqo sesokuba ukuba uqhuba ishishini elenza ingeniso phesheya okanye lineendleko kwamanye amazwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba usesichengeni somngcipheko wemali. Izehlo ezingaphaya kolawulo lwakho zinokutya kwingeniso yakho kwaye zonyuse iindleko zakho.

Ke ingakanani ingxaki yolawulo lomngcipheko wemali?

Kuphando lwee-CFOs ezingama-200 kunye noonondyebo abaphantse babe ngama-300 olwenziwa yi-HSBC kunye ne-FT Remark, 70% Ii-CFOs zithi inkampani yabo ifumene ingeniso ehlayo kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ngenxa yomngcipheko wemali onokuthi uthintelwe.

58% Ii-CFO zeenkampani ezinkulu zathi ulawulo lomngcipheko wemali yenye yeengozi ezimbini ezithatha ixesha labo elininzi ngoku; kwaye 51% uthe FX umngcipheko umbutho wabo ubuncinci ukuxhotyiswa ukujongana.

Ukuguquguquka kwemali kusisongelo kumashishini amancinci naphakathi, kodwa ngokutsho  isifundo saseNordea  kuqhutywe ekupheleni kuka-2020, ii-SME ezininzi kakhulu ziyijongela phantsi imingcipheko yezinga lotshintshiselwano.

Iinkampani ezinengeniso engaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2 zee-euro kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nengxelo yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelizwe eziye zafumana ilahleko yemali engalindelekanga ebangelwe kukuguquguquka kwemali ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19.

Nangona kunjalo, phantse isiqingatha seeSME asizange sizikhusele kuyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imiqobo ephambili yokulawula umngcipheko inxulumene nokungabikho kwexesha kunye nolwazi.

Kwelinye icala, ukulawula imingcipheko yemali yakho kunokuzisa izibonelelo kwishishini lakho:

• Khusela ukuhamba kwakho kwemali kunye nemida yengeniso
• Ukuphuculwa koqikelelo lwemali kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
• Uqonde ngcono ukuba ukuguquguquka kwemali kukuchaphazela njani i-balance sheet yakho
• Ukonyuka kwamandla okuboleka

Xa amaxabiso otshintshiselwano eguquguquka, amashishini ayakhawuleza ukuphepha ilahleko enokwenzeka. Zeziphi iingozi zemali ekufuneka bazibiye kwaye njani?

Iintlobo zomngcipheko wemali

Ngokusisiseko, amashishini ajongene neendidi ezintathu zokuvezwa komngcipheko wemali: ukuvezwa kwentengiselwano, ukuvezwa kwenguqulelo, kunye nokuvezwa kwezoqoqosho (okanye ukusebenza). Siza kuzihlolisisa ngokubanzi ngezantsi.

Ukubonakaliswa koRhwebo

Olu lolona hlobo lulula lokuvezwa komngcipheko wemali kwaye, njengoko igama libonisa, iziphumo zentengiselwano yokwenyani yeshishini ngemali yangaphandle. Ukuvezwa kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngenxa yokumahluko kwexesha phakathi kwelungelo lokufumana imali kumthengi kunye nerisithi yenyani ebonakalayo yemali okanye, kwimeko yomntu otyalwayo, ixesha phakathi kokubeka umyalelo kunye nokuhlawula i-invoyisi.

Exemple: Inkampani yase-US ifuna ukuthenga izixhobo kwaye, emva kokufumana iingcaphuno ezivela kubathengisi abaninzi (abasekhaya nabangaphandle), bakhethe ukuthenga ngee-euro kwinkampani yaseJamani. Iindleko zezixhobo 100 000 € kwaye ngexesha lomyalelo, izinga lotshintshiselwano €/$ ye 1,1, oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko kwinkampani kwi-USD yi $ 110.

Kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva, xa i-invoyisi ifanelekile, i-$ buthathaka kunye nezinga lotshintshiselwano €/$ ngoku 1,2. Iindleko kwishishini lokulungisa okufanayo 100 000 € ukuhlawula ngoku $ 120.

Ukuvezwa kwintengiselwano kubangele iindleko ezongezelelweyo ebezingalindelekanga kwishishini le 10 000 $ kwaye kusenokuthetha ukuba inkampani ibinokuthenga izixhobo ngexabiso eliphantsi komnye wabanye ababoneleli.

Ukuvezwa kuguqulo

Olu luguqulelo okanye uguqulelo lweengxelo zemali (ezifana nengxelo yengeniso okanye ibhalansi) yenkampani yangaphandle ukusuka kwimali yayo yasekhaya ukuya kunikezelo lwemali yenkampani engumzali.

Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inkampani engumzali inezibophelelo zokunika ingxelo kubaninizabelo kunye nabalawuli abafuna ukuba ibonelele ngeseti yee-akhawunti ezidityanisiweyo kwimali yayo yokunika ingxelo kuzo zonke ii-subsidiaries zayo.

Ekuqhubekekeni kwe lo mzekelo ungasentla, cinga ukuba inkampani yaseMelika ithatha isigqibo sokwenza i-subsidiary eJamani ukwenza izixhobo. I-subsidiary iya kunikezela ngeengxelo zayo zemali kwi kowethu kwaye inkampani yaseMelika yabazali iya kuguqulela ezi nkcazo zibe iUSD.

Umzekelo ongezantsi ibonisa ukusebenza kwemali yenkampani encedisayo kwimali yayo yasekhaya, iiyuro. Phakathi konyaka wokuqala nowesibini, wawandisa umvuzo wakhe nge 10% kunye nokuphumeza imveliso ethile ukunciphisa ukonyuka kweendleko ukuya kuphela 6%. Oku kubangela ukwanda okumangalisayo kwi 25% imali engena emveni kotsalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yefuthe lokuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano, ukusebenza kwemali kwahluke kakhulu kwimali yengxelo yenkampani engumzali, i-USD.

Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, kulo mzekelo, idola yomeleza kunye nezinga lokutshintshiselwa €/$ uhambe kumndilili we 1,2 unyaka 1 ukuya ku-1,05 unyaka 2. Ukusebenza kwemali kwi iUSD ibonakala imbi kakhulu. Utshintsho luza kuhla 4% kwaye isiphumo esishiyekileyo, ngelixa siqhubeka sikhula, sinyuka kuphela 9% ngaphandle kwe 25%.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho (okanye ukusebenza).

Olu hlobo lokugqibela lomngcipheko wemali lubangelwa yimpembelelo yokuguquguquka okungalindelekanga nokungathinteleki kwemali yenkampani kwixesha elizayo lenkampani kunye nexabiso lemarike, kwaye lihlala ixesha elide ngokwendalo.

Olu hlobo lokuvezwa lunokuchaphazela izigqibo zobuchule zexesha elide, njengendawo yotyalo-mali kumthamo wokuvelisa.

Kumava am aseHungary akhankanywe ekuqaleni, inkampani endiyisebenzele yahambisa umthamo omkhulu ukusuka e-United States ukuya eHungary ekuqaleni kwe-2000s ukuthatha inzuzo yeendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa.

Kwakuyonga kakhulu ukuvelisa eHungary kwaye emva koko kuthunyelwe imveliso eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, i-Hungarian forint ngoko yomelela kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo kwaye yacima uninzi lweenzuzo zeendleko ezilindelekileyo.

Utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuchaphazela kakhulu imeko yokhuphiswano lwenkampani, nokuba ayisebenzi okanye ithengise phesheya.

Ngokomzekelo, umenzi wefenitshala waseMelika othengisa ekhaya kuphela kusafuneka ajongane nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela eAsia naseYurophu, ezinokuthi zingabizi mali ininzi kwaye zikhuphisane ngakumbi ukuba idola ixabisa kakhulu.

Amanyathelo ama-5 oLawulo lweShishini Lakho' uMngcipheko woTshintsho lwaNgaphandle

Ukuqonda apho kwaye njani ukuguquguquka kwemali kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwemali yenkampani akukho ngqo. Imiba emininzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiindlela zoqoqosho olukhulu ukuya kwindlela yokuziphatha ekhuphisanayo ngaphakathi kwamacandelo emarike, imisela ukuba imilinganiselo yotshintshiselwano ikuchaphazela njani ukuhamba kwemali kwishishini elinikiweyo.

1. Hlaziya umjikelo wakho wokusebenza

Hlaziya umjikelo wokusebenza kwenkampani yakho ukuze ufumane apho umngcipheko wemali ukhona. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba ubuthathaka kangakanani na umda wengeniso yakho ekuguquguqukeni kwemali.

2. Yamkele into yokuba unemali eyohlukileyo

Ishishini ngalinye lahlukile kwaye oku kubonakala kwindlela ohamba ngayo, kodwa nakwisakhiwo sempahla yakho kunye namatyala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuguquguquka kwemali kunokuba neempembelelo kwaye isigqibo sokubiyela okanye hayi akulula njengokuqengqeleka kwedayisi.

3. Gqiba ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa kulawulo lwakho lomngcipheko wemali - kwaye unamathele kuyo

Umgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle uqala ngokuqonda ngokucacileyo iinjongo zemali zenkampani kunye nefuthe elinokuthi utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuba nalo kubo: ukuba ukungena kwemali yokusebenza kunye nokuphuma kwiimali ezahlukeneyo, Utshintsho kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano lunokuphazamisa i-EBITDA ye. ishishini ekujoliswe kulo.

Ukuba ii-asethi kunye namatyala akwiimali ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwezi asethi kunye namazinga otshintshiselwano amatsha anokuthi abeke esichengeni. Isiphumo esishiyekileyo seP&L okanye iithagethi zomlinganiselo wenkunzi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwengozi kutshintshiselwano lwangaphandle uqinisekisa ukuba, nokuba zithini na iinjongo zemali, imingcipheko yotshintshiselwano enokuthi ibeke esichengeni ezi njongo ibekwe esweni kwaye incitshiswe.

4. Lawula ukuba sesichengeni sakho kumngcipheko wemali

Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwiimveliso eziphathekayo, kukho uqhawulo phakathi kokwenza izigqibo zoshishino kunye nokujonga iziphumo zezo zigqibo kwiakhawunti yebhanki yenkampani. Ngeli xesha, ukuthenga nokuthengisa iiodolo kuyathethwana, imathiriyeli ithunyelwe kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye iimpahla zenziwe, zigcinwe kwaye zihanjiswe. 

funda inqaku: Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lemarike yemasheya 

Kunye nale nkqubo yomzimba, ii-invoyisi zithunyelwa, zihlolwe, zivunyiwe kwaye ekugqibeleni zihlawulwe. Ngeli xesha, iimali zelizwe zixabisa kwaye ziyancipha.

Ukuba iindleko zemathiriyeli kunye nemveliso zikwimali eyahlukileyo kunengeniso yentengiso, oku kuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano kunokucima ngokulula imida yokuthengisa esetyenziswa yinkampani njengesiseko sokwenza isigqibo sayo sokuqala. 

Izixhobo zemali zinokunceda ukuthomalalisa oku kungaqiniseki okubeka esichengeni iinjongo zemali zenkampani. Yiloo nto thina biza isiciko, kwaye oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iireyithi zokutshintshiselana ezichaphazela ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yebhanki yenkampani ayifani kakhulu naleyo isetyenziswe ekwenzeni izigqibo zayo.

5. Ulawulo lwemali ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhulula ixesha lakho

Amashishini amancinci kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zonke zinokuxhamla ngokuzenzela imali yazo. Isisombululo esiphumelele ibhaso AutoFX ukusuka eNordea inceda iinkampani zikhulule izixhobo, ziphelise imisebenzi yezandla, kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wokusebenza kunye neempazamo zabantu. 

Ukuba unamava kule ndawo, ungayishiya kwizimvo