Ubungqina bomsebenzi, ubungqina beSiteki kunye nobungqina bexesha elidlulileyo

Ubungqina bomsebenzi, ubungqina beSiteki, ubungqina bexesha eligqithileyo, Yintoni leyo? Kwi-blockchain enikiweyo, iibhloko zinxulunyaniswa ngokulandelelanayo ukuze kungabikho ntengiselwano ekhoyo inokuze iguqulwe okanye ibuyiselwe umva. Ukwandiswa kwetyathanga akubhekiseli ngakunye. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukongeza iibhloko ezintsha kuphela kwendlela yokuhlaziya a blockchain. Kwiinethiwekhi zoluntu, nayiphi na i-node inokufaneleka ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kweebhloko ezintsha. Ngumsebenzi we ialgorithm yokuvumelana ukwenza isigqibo apho iindawo eziye zibe "ngabasebenzi basezimayini" okanye abaqinisekisi.

Indlela yokuvumelana iyafuneka. Ikhusela inkqubo kwiinodi ezinobungozi ezinokuphula ngabom imithetho echazwe kwangaphambili okanye ukuzama ukwenza iintengiselwano zomgunyathi okanye inqanaba lohlaselo lweDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS). Ukuze siqonde lo matshini, kufuneka siqonde ezi zintathu: Ubungqina bomsebenzi, ubungqina beSiteki, ubungqina bexesha elidlulileyo.

Kweli nqaku ndikubonisa umahluko phakathi Ubungqina bomsebenzi, ubungqina beSiteki, ubungqina bexesha elidlulileyo. Kodwa kuqala, apha uqeqesho lwe-crypto-Jackpot ekuvumela ukuba utyebe nge-cryptocurrencies.

Makhe siye

Yintoni ubungqina boMsebenzi okanye Ubungqina bomsebenzi?

Ukwabela amagunya kwakuyinxalenye ephambili yombono wokuqala we-cryptocurrencies. Ukuphumeza oku, kuye kwafuneka kufunyanwe indlela yokuqinisekisa iintengiselwano ngaphandle kokungenelela kwamaziko emali. Isisombululo sokuqala kulo mngeni sasibizwa ngokuba bubungqina bomsebenzi okanye Ubungqina Bomsebenzi.

La Ubungqina bomsebenzi (PoW) luhlobo lokongezelela iibhloko ezintsha zentengiselwano kwibhloko ye-cryptocurrency. Umsebenzi, kulo mzekelo, kukuvelisa i-hash ehambelana ne-hash ekujoliswe kuyo kwibhloko yangoku. Umgobi we-cryptocurrency ophumeleleyo ufumana ilungelo lokongeza loo bloko kwi-blockchain kwaye afumane umvuzo.

I-cryptocurrency nganye ine okanye iyavela kwi-blockchain, eyincwadi kawonke-wonke eyenziwe ngeebhloko zentengiselwano. Nge "uhlobo" cryptocurrenciesubungqina-of-yomsebenzi", ibhloko nganye yentengiselwano ine-hash ethile. Ukuze ibhloko iqinisekiswe, umgodi we-cryptocurrency kufuneka uvelise i-hash ekujoliswe kuyo engaphantsi okanye elingana naleyo yebhloko.

Ukwenza oku, abavukuzi basebenzisa izixhobo zemigodi ezenza ngokukhawuleza izibalo. Injongo kukuba ngumgodi wokuqala ukufumana i-hash ekujoliswe kuyo, njengoko yibona abanokuhlaziya i-blockchain kwaye bafumane umvuzo we-cryptocurrency.

Ukuba ubungqina bomsebenzi busebenza kakuhle kwi-cryptocurrencies, oku kungenxa yokuba kunzima ukufumana ihashi ekujoliswe kuyo, kodwa hayi ukuyiqinisekisa. Inkqubo inzima ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukuguqulwa kweerekhodi zentengiselwano. Kwangaxeshanye, xa ihashi ekujoliswe kuyo ifunyenwe, kulula kwabanye abasebenzi basezimayini ukuyiqinisekisa.

Isampulu yobungqina boMsebenzi

Nanku umzekelo wendlela i-Bitcoin esebenzisa ngayo ubungqina bomsebenzi ukugcina ingqibelelo ye-blockchain yayo.

Xa ukuthengiselana kweBitcoin kwenzeka, bahamba ngetshekhi yokhuseleko kwaye bahlanganiswe kwibhloko ukuba bambiwe. I-algorithm yobungqina be-Bitcoin ke ivelisa i-hash yebhloko. I-algorithm esetyenziswa yiBitcoin yi ebizwa SHA-256, kwaye ihlala ivelisa i-hashes eneempawu ezingama-64.

Abavukuzi babaleka ukuba babe ngabokuqala ukuvelisa i-hash ekujoliswe kuyo ephantsi kune-hash yebhloko. Ophumeleleyo unokongeza ibhloko yokugqibela yentengiselwano kwi-blockchain yeBitcoin. Ukwafumana imbuyekezo ye-bitcoin ngohlobo lweengqekembe ezisanda kwenziwa kunye neemali zokuthengiselana. Ubonelelo oluphezulu lwe-bitcoin lubekwe kwi Izigidi ezingama-21 zamaqhekeza, kodwa, ngaphaya koko, abavukuzi baya kuqhubeka befumana imali yokuthengiselana ngenkonzo yabo.

I-algorithm yobungqina bomsebenzi osetyenziswa yiBitcoin ijolise ekufakeni ibhloko entsha yonke imizuzu ye-10. Ikwenza oku ngokulungelelanisa ubunzima bemigodi ye-bitcoin ngokusekelwe kwindlela abavukuzi abakhawuleza ngayo bongeza iibhloko. Ukuba imigodi ikhawuleza kakhulu, izibalo ze-hash ziba nzima kakhulu. Ukuba iyacotha kakhulu, iba lula.

Yintoni uProf weNgxowa-mali okanye ubungqina boMba?

Abaphuhlisi be-Ethereum baqonde kwangethuba ukuba ubungqina bomsebenzi buza kuveza imida yokulinganisa eya kuthi ekugqibeleni yoyiswe - kwaye eneneni, njengemigaqo yomthetho. Ulawulo lwezezimali (okanye i-DeFi) exhaswe ngu-Ethereum ikhulile ekuthandeni, i-blockchain iye yazabalaza ukuyigcina, ekhokelela kwimirhumo ephezulu.

UProf of Stake (PoS) uye wavela njengenye indlela ye-PoW. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo yokuqala ye-bitcoin, i-PoW ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ye-throughput ephezulu, kunye ne-blockchains yamva ifuna i-scalability enkulu kunye namazinga okuthengiselana ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza, iinkqubo ze-PoW ziphela zifuna izixa ezikhulu zamandla kumandla ekhompuyutha asetyenziswa ngabasebenzi basezimayini. I-algorithm ye-PoS yaqala ukunikezelwa ngo-2011 Bitcointalk. Peercoin yaba yeyokuqala ukuyamkela ngokudibanisa ne-PoW, kodwa i-algorithm yokuvumelana ngokukhawuleza yasasazeka kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo.

Ngokungafaniyo neenethiwekhi ze-PoW ezixhomekeke kubasebenzi basezimayini, iibhloko ze-PoS-powered blockchains zigcinwa ngabaqinisekisi. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa kwi-POS ibizwa ngokuba “ku qulunqa“. Ukuba i-node ifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokudala ibhloko, kufuneka nje ibeke uphawu lwendalo. Akukho mfuneko yokuba uchithe umbane okanye uthenge izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kukaProf of Work kunye noProf of Stake

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngenye yeeyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokuvumelana. Ekubeni i-blockchains ku-Prof of Stake ayifuni abasebenzi basezimayini ukuba bachithe umbane kwiinkqubo ezingafunekiyo (ukukhuphisana nokusombulula iphazili efanayo), uProf of Stake uvumela uthungelwano ukuba lusebenze ngokusetyenziswa okuncinci kwezibonelelo.

Zombini iindlela zokuvumelana zineziphumo zoqoqosho ezohlwaya ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuthintela abadlali abakhohlakeleyo. Kwimeko yobungqina bomsebenzi, isohlwayo sabasebenzi basezimayini abangenisa ulwazi olungasebenziyo okanye iibhloko ziindleko ezitshisiweyo zamandla ekhompyuter, amandla kunye nexesha.

Ukuthwala kwimeko ye-prof ye-stake, imali ye-crypto ebanjwe ngabaqinisekisi basebenza njengenkuthazo yezoqoqosho ukuba isebenze kwintshisekelo yenethiwekhi. Ukuba umqinisekisi wamkela ibhloko embi, inxalenye yemali ayisebenzisayo iya “kunqunyulwa” njengesohlwayo. Isixa sokuqinisekisa sinokuthotywa sixhomekeke kuthungelwano.

Yintoni Ubungqina Bexesha Elidlulile?

Ikwaziwa njengeMbongo, esi sivumelwano asiyonto ngaphandle kombongo! I-algorithm isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiibhloko ezinemvume ezifana ne-Hyperledger. I-PoET isebenzisa ukhetho olufana nelotho ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi indawo eya kuphumelela ibhloko entsha.

I-PoET yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-Hyperledger Sawtooth kwi-2016/2017, yaziswa yi-Intel. I" abantwana »kufuneka baqale bazibandakanye nenethiwekhi, bafumane isatifikethi sobulungu. Xa sele zikuthungelwano, iindawo zokuhlala kufuneka zilinde ixesha elithile eligqitywe ngokungacwangciswanga. Umsebenzi-mgodini kufuneka alinde ubuncinci ixesha elibekiweyo ngaphambi kokuba aqalise ukumba ibhloko entsha kwi-blockchain.

Kwi-PoET, umsebenzi-mgodini onelona xesha lincinane wonyulwa ukuba enze i-block mining kuloo mjikelo. Inkqubo ithande ukuba nobulungisa kwaye ikhetha abasebenzi basezimayini abaneqondo elilungileyo lokungakhethi. Ayiwusebenzisi kakhulu umbane kwaye abasebenzi basezimayini banako” lala » ngelixa belinde ithuba labo.

I-POeT isekelwe kwiiprosesa ezikhethekileyo eziphuhliswe yi-Intel ebizwa ngokuba yi-SGX - Izandiso zoMgcini weSoftware. I-SGX ivumela ulwahlulo olunengqiqo lwememori ye-CPU engenakufikelelwa okanye ilungiswe. Ezi ndawo zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-enclaves kwaye zinokwenza imiyalelo ezimeleyo kunye noguqulelo lwememori.

Kuphela i-enclaves inokufikelela kwaye iguqule igcinwe kweli candelo. Ikhowudi inoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwaye ayinakufikelelwa ngaphandle kwe-enclave. Nto leyo eyenza ikhuseleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-enclave.

Ukuququmbela

Indlela ye-POeT ivelisa ixesha lokulinda elingahleliwe kubasebenzi basezimayini, kwaye umsebenzi-mgodini ufumana i-timer esayiniweyo kwikhowudi ye-SGX yokuthembela. Emva kokulinda ukuba kudlule ixesha, umntwana ufumana isatifikethi esichaza ukuba uye walinda ixesha elifunekayo. Nje ukuba ibhloko yombiwe, umsebenzi-mgodini usasaza ibhloko kunye nesatifikethi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela i-blockchain yenzelwe ngayo, umgodi unokufumana okanye angawufumani umvuzo womsebenzi.

Yiloo nto okufuneka uyazi malunga nokuqinisekiswa kokuthengiselana kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa kwi-blockchain. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nantsi indawo gqibezela uqeqesho lokuthumela ngenqanawa onokuluthenga.