Yintoni i-nonce kwi-cryptography?

Abavukuzi be-Cryptocurrency bavelisa iibhloko ezintsha kwaye baziqinisekise, ke ezi bloko zongezwa kwiBlockchain. Njengoko abasebenzi basezimayini bezama ukuqinisekisa ezi bhloko, kufuneka bagqibe ubungqina bomsebenzi kwangethuba. Oku kuvumela le block ukuba yamkelwe yi-cryptocurrency network. Kususela kulo mzuzu i-cryptographic nonce.

I-Nonce isebenza njengenxalenye ephambili yobungqina bomsebenzi kwaye ibhekisela kwinani elinokusetyenziswa kanye kuphela. Linani elingenamkhethe okanye lemi-random elenzelwe usetyenziso oluthile.

Inxulumene nonxibelelwano lwe-cryptographic kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT). Igama lithetha "inani elisetyenziswe kanye"Okanye"inani kanye” kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-cryptographic nonce.

Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda yonke into malunga noNonces. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, ndicebisa ukuba ufunde eli nqaku iifolokhwe ze-cryptographic.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i nonce lixabiso eyohluka ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso athile awaphinda asetyenziswe. Isenokuba yisitampu sexesha, ikhawuntara yotyelelo kwiphepha lewebhu, okanye isiphawuli esikhethekileyo esijoliswe ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukudlala kwakhona okungagunyaziswanga okanye ukuveliswa kwakhona kwefayile.

Ziziphi ezinye iintsingiselo zento engekhoyo?

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kwekhompyuter, ineentsingiselo ezininzi. Ziquka oku kulandelayo:

I-Nonce inokuthetha ukuthi "okwelo xesha"Okanye"okomzuzwana“. I-nonce word yi-neologism - igama elitsha okanye ibinzana elisandul 'ukuyilwa - elenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okukodwa, njengokubandakanywa kumsebenzi wentsomi.

Akuba edaliwe, amagama angento yanto adla ngokungena kulwimi lwemihla ngemihla. Ngokomzekelo, ULewis Carroll waqamba igama elithi “gigitheka” kumbongo othi Jabberwocky, kunye noJames Joyce benza igama elithi “quark” kwinoveli yakhe ethi Finnegans Wake.

Imiyalelo ye-Nonce ligama loyilo elichaza uyilo olulodwa lwesiko okanye i-spinoffs yemiyalelo yakudala okanye iindibano zoyilo kuyilo lwezakhiwo. I-nonce ikwayi-slang yaseBhritane yomntwana ohambahambayo.

Iintlobo zamaxabiso angaqhelekanga

I-nonce inokuhlelwa ngokwendlela eyenziwe ngayo, ngokungacwangciswanga okanye ngokulandelelana. I-random nonce iveliswa ngokudibanisa amanani angaqhelekanga kunye. Nangona kunjalo, i-nonce elandelelanayo iveliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ukusebenzisa indlela ye-nonce elandelelanayo kuqinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso awaphindwa, awanakuphinda aphindwe, kwaye angathathi indawo engeyomfuneko.

Ukusebenzisa i-random nonce indlela ikhusela kubahlaseli abaqokelela izitshixo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-nonce iya kuba nazo zombini iindawo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezilandelelanayo.

Ngokomzekelo, isitampu sexesha se-15:01 17/09/2020 iya kuba yi-nonce elandelelanayo, njengoko iveliswa ngokunyukayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ixabiso lenzeke ngaphambili okanye liya kuphinda lenzeke kwakhona. Kuqikelelwa kancinci. Ihacker inokufunda ipateni yesizukulwana samaqhosha afakwe istampu sexesha kwaye aqikelele ixabiso lelandelayo.

I-pseudo-random number generator inokuvelisa iinonces ezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba nzima ukuba yodwa kuba kukho ithuba lokuba inani elifanayo elingenamkhethe linokuveliswa ngaphezu kwesinye.

Ungayisebenzisa njani?

Amaxabiso e-Nonce angasetyenziselwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zekhompyuter, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Hash. Ubungqina beenkqubo zokusebenza zisebenzisa amaxabiso angenawo ukuguqula igalelo kumsebenzi. i-cryptographic hash. Oku kunceda ukuzalisekisa iimeko ezingafanelekanga kwaye kunikeze ubunzima obufunwayo.

Ukuqaliswa. Ivektha yokuqalisa yinto engekhoyo esetyenziselwa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwedatha. Isetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela kwiseshoni kwaye inqanda ukuphinda ulandelelwano kwi-ciphertext. Ukuchonga ukuphinda kunokunceda umhlaseli aphule i-cipher.

Ulawulo lwesazisi. Ukubuyiswa kweakhawunti, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbini, okanye ukungena ngemvume okukodwa ziimpawu zolawulo lwesazisi ezinokusebenzisa amanani angaqhelekanga.

Iisignesha ze-elektroniki. Amaxabiso ayimfihlo e-nonce ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa zizixhobo zokutyikitya ze-elektroniki ukwenza, ukuthelekisa kunye nokuqinisekisa utyikityo.

Cryptocurrency. Kwezinye ii-cryptocurrencies, i-nonce isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cryptographic hash edibanisa kwi-blockchain. Kwimigodi yeBitcoin, i-nonce yegolide ibhekisa kwixabiso le-hash elingaphantsi kobunzima obujoliswe kuko.

Asymmetric cryptography. Kwiimeko ezithile ze-cryptography yesitshixo sikawonke-wonke, njengokuxhawula isandla Ukhuseleko loMaleko weSocket / uKhuseleko lweNqanaba lezoThutho, Amaxabiso amabini awodwa angafaniyo ayatshintshwa.

Ixabiso elinye linikezelwa ngumxhasi ngelixa elinye linikezelwa ngumncedisi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-asymmetric cryptography, kwaye ikhusela uxhulumaniso ngalunye ekuhlaselweni okanye ukuphazamisa.

Ingaba iHardware iyichaphazela njani iNonce Verification?

Ukuze bawongwe ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-Nonce, abasebenzi basezimayini kufuneka baqinisekise ii-nonces kwangoko. Ukwenza oku, abasebenzi basezimayini kufuneka baxhobise iinkqubo zabo zemigodi ngee-GPU ezomeleleyo, eziboleka amandla abo okusebenza inethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Ukuba umgodi ufumanisa i-Golden Nonce, yongezwa kwi-Blockchain kwaye umgodi ufumana umvuzo kuyo.

I-nonce yinto ebalulekileyo yebhloko, enokuthi isetyenziswe kube kanye kwitekhnoloji ye-cryptographic, nokuba lolunye ulwazi, olunokuthi lutshintshe okanye lungatshintshi.

Kwimeko yeBitcoins, abasebenzi basezimayini baqikelela i-Nonce eqala ngenani eliqingqiweyo looziro, elandelwa ngokongeza ibhloko entsha kunye nale Nonce kwi-Bitcoin Blockchain. Umsebenzi-mgodini ufumana umvuzo ngokuwugqiba lo msebenzi.

I-Nonces isetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-cryptographic ukuqinisekisa uhlaselo lokudlala kwakhona. I-blockchain yamkela kuphela Nonces ukuba unique, eziphawulwe ngezitampu zamaxesha ezahlukeneyo, njengoko zihluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ubunzima bokusombulula iiequations zemathematika ezintsonkothileyo ukufumana iNonces eyodwa kuxhomekeke kwinani labasebenzi basezimayini imali ethile.

Ubunzima bokufumana i-nonces esebenzayo buyanda xa abasebenzi basezimayini abaninzi beqala ukumba imali ethile. Kulungiswa ukuba kube nobunzima obuphantsi ukuba inani labasebenzi basezimayini liqala ukuhla.

Ke, i-Nonce yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiBitcoin, ngenxa yokuba iyodwa kwaye iyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba akukho Nonces zimbini zinexabiso elifanayo okanye ziqala ngenani elifanayo looziro abandulelayo.

I-Nonce nganye entsha ke ngoko yongeza ulwazi olutsha kwaye ilungelelanise ireyithi ye-hash ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezibekwe nguthungelwano.

Umzekelo weCryptographic nonce

I-cryptographic nonce isetyenziswa kwiiprothokholi zokuqinisekisa ukukhusela kuhlaselo lokudlala kwakhona. Uhlaselo lokudlala kwakhona lwenzeka xa umhlaseli ethintela idatha yoqinisekiso kwindlela yokuhamba aze ayisebenzise kamva ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ekhuselweyo.

Iisayithi ze-E-commerce zihlala zisebenzisa i-nonce ukubonisa inqobo kwintengo nganye. Ngaphandle koku, umhlaseli angakwazi ukudlala kwakhona ulwazi olufihliweyo amaxesha amaninzi njengoko efuna kwaye abeke iiodolo ezongezelelweyo esebenzisa igama elifanayo leakhawunti kunye nolwazi lokuthenga.

Umnikezeli we-E-commerce we-PayPal usebenzisa i-nonces kwinkqubo yayo yofihlo ukuthumela ulwazi olubuthathaka lwentlawulo. Oku kunceda inkampani ukuba ihambelane nomgangatho wokhuseleko lwedatha yekhadi lokuhlawula.

Akukho ukusetyenziswa kwi-cryptocurrency

Iimali ze-Cryptocurrencies zisebenzisa i-blockchain yemigodi, inkqubo yoontanga kunye noontanga ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-blockchain ledger. Njengenxalenye yenkqubo, abasebenzi basezimayini be-blockchain barekhoda ukuthengiselana kwemali yedijithali kwaye benze iiBitcoins ezintsha okanye ezinye ii-cryptocurrencies.

Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweentengiselwano kwaye bongeza idatha entsha yokuthengiselana kwi-ledger yoluntu yehlabathi yeentengiselwano ezidlulileyo, ukudala i-blockchain.

Abavukuzi basebenzisa isoftware ephucukileyo kunye ne-algorithms ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima. Umgodi wokuqala ukusombulula ingxaki ufumana ibhloko entsha ye-cryptocurrency abasebenza nayo.

I-Nonce linani elingenamthetho ekufuneka abasebenzi-mgodini balifumane - ngokusisiseko baqikelele - ukuvelisa inani elingaphantsi okanye elilingana ne-hash ekujoliswe kuyo. Nali inqaku elichaza yonke inkqubo ye-cryptocurrencies yezimayini.

Ukusombulula i-nonce kufuna uvavanyo kunye nempazamo kuba ngumtya ongaqhelekanga. Abasebenzi basezimayini baya kuqikelela i-nonce, yongeze kwi-hash yebloko yangoku, buyisela ixabiso kwakhona, kwaye ubone ukuba ingaphantsi okanye ilingana nexabiso lethagethi ye-hash.