Konke malunga nezixhobo zemali

Izixhobo zemali zichazwa njenge isivumelwano phakathi kwabantu/amaqela egcina ixabiso lemali. Zisenokwenziwa, kuthethathethwane, zihlalwe okanye zilungiswe ngokweemfuno zamaqela abandakanyekayo. Ukubeka ngokulula, nayiphi na i-asethi ebambe inkunzi kwaye inokuthengiswa kuyo imarike yezemali ibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo semali. Eminye imizekelo yezixhobo zemali yile iitshekhi, izitokhwe, iibhondi, ikamva kunye neekhontrakthi zokhetho.

Izixhobo zemali zii-asethi ezo kungaxoxwa, okanye zisenokuthi zithathwe njengeenyanda zenkunzi ezinokuthengiswa.

Uninzi lweentlobo zezixhobo zemali ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokudluliselwa kwenkunzi kubatyali-mali kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi mpahla zinokuba yimali, ilungelo lekhontrakthi ukuhambisa okanye ukufumana imali okanye olunye uhlobo lwesixhobo semali, okanye ubungqina bobunini bequmrhu.

Kweli nqaku, iqela le Finance de Demain uzibophelele ekuxeleleni yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezixhobo zemali. Kodwa kuqala, nantsi iprotocol ekuvumela ukuba wakhe eyakho Ishishini lokuqala kwi-intanethi.

Makhe siye

🌿 Yintoni isixhobo semali?

Isixhobo sezemali sibhekisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-asethi enokuthengiswa ngabatyali-zimali, nokuba liqumrhu elibambekayo njengepropathi okanye isivumelwano setyala.

Izixhobo zemali zinokubandakanya iipowudi zemali eyinkunzi esetyenziswa kutyalo-mali, endaweni ye-asethi enye. Zeziphi iindidi zee-asethi ezifanelekileyo njengezixhobo zemali? Inokuba nantoni na ukusuka kwimali ukuya kwisitokhwe.

Izixhobo zemali zinokuba ngamaxwebhu okwenene okanye izivumelwano ezibonakalayo, ezimele ubunini bento yexabiso lemali. Kukho iindidi ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

• Izixhobo zemali ezisekelwe kubulungisa: Isivumelwano simele ubunini bempahla
• Izixhobo zezeMali ezixhaswa yiTyala: ikhontrakthi imele imali-mboleko eyenziwe ngumtyali-mali kumnini we-asethi
• Izixhobo zemali zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle: isivumelwano sinxulumene namaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwemali ye-Forex

Umzekelo wesixhobo semali

I-XYZ Limited yinkampani yebhanki ekhupha izixhobo zemali ezifana nemali-mboleko, iibhondi, iimali-mboleko, ii-stocks kunye ne-asethi-backed securities kubaxhasi bayo.

Ezi zinokusebenza njenge-asethi yemali yenkampani yebhanki ekhankanyiweyo kodwa kubathengi, ngamatyala emali kuphela ekufuneka ahlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ngabo ngexesha.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemarike yendawo kunye nemarike yexesha elizayo?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isixa esifakwe ngabathengi ebhankini sisebenza njenge-asethi yemali kubathengi abafaka okufanayo ngelixa uxanduva lwemali kwinkampani yebhanki.

🌿 Iindidi zezixhobo zemali

Izixhobo zemali zinokuhlelwa ubukhulu becala zibe ziindidi ezimbini: izixhobo eziphuma kuyo, izixhobo zemali okanye izixhobo zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle.

1. Iimveliso

Izinto eziphuma kuyo inokuchazwa njengezixhobo ezineempawu kunye nexabiso elinokuthi lithathwe kumaziko aphantsi afana umgangatho wenzala, i-indices okanye ii-asethi, phakathi kwezinye. Ixabiso lezi zixhobo zinokufumaneka ekusebenzeni kwecandelo elingaphantsi.

I-derivatives zizixhobo zemali ezixabiso lazo limiselwa kwii-asethi ezisisiseko, ezifana nezibonelelo, iimali, iibhondi, izitokhwe kunye nezalathisi zemarike.

Eyona mizekelo mihlanu ixhaphakileyo yezixhobo zokuphuma zizivumelwano zokwenziwa, ikamva, ikamva, ukhetho, kunye nokutshintshatshintsha. Le ngongoma ixoxwa ngokubanzi apha ngezantsi.

IsiVumelwano soThwebo lwaNgamanye amazwe (SAFE): UKHUSELEKO lwenzeka kwimarike ye-over-the-counter (OTC) kwaye sisivumelwano esiqinisekisa umyinge wotshintshiselwano ochaziweyo kwixesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo.

phambili : I-forward yikontrakthi phakathi kwamaqela amabini ebandakanya izinto eziphuma ngokwezifiso apho utshintshiselwano lwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi ngexabiso elithile.

Ikamva : Imarike yexesha elizayo okanye yexesha elizayo yintengiselwano ephumayo ebonelela ngotshintshiselwano lwezinto eziphuma kuyo ngomhla ochaziweyo wexesha elizayo ngexabiso lotshintshiselwano olumiselwe kwangaphambili.

Ukhetho : Ukhetho sisivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini apho umthengisi enika umthengi ilungelo lokuthenga okanye lokuthengisa inani leemveliso eziphuma kwixabiso elimiselweyo kwixesha elithile.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Yintoni omele uyazi malunga nezalathi zemarike yemasheya?

Utshintshiselwano ngenzala: Ukutshintsha kwenzala sisivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini esibandakanya utshintshiselwano lwenzala apho iqela ngalinye livuma ukuhlawula ezinye iimali-mboleko kwiimali-mboleko ezahlukeneyo. Unokufunda malunga utshintsho lwemali apha.

2. Izixhobo zemali

Izixhobo zikaNondyebo zizixhobo zemali ezixabiso lazo liphenjelelwa ngokuthe ngqo yimeko yeemarike. Zichazwa njengezixhobo ezinokuthi zibe lula idluliselwe kwaye yavavanywa kwimarike. Ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ze-treasury, kukho iindidi ezimbini: izibambiso kunye neediphozithi, kunye mboleko.

Isihloko sisixhobo semali esinexabiso lemali kwaye sirhweba ngaso. Xa kuthengwa okanye kuthengiswa, isibambiso simele ubunini benxalenye yenkampani ekurhweba ngayo esidlangalaleni.

iidiphozithi kunye mboleko zombini zithathwa njengezixhobo zemali kuba zimele ii-asethi eziyimali eziphantsi kohlobo oluthile lwesivumelwano sekhontrakthi phakathi kwamaqela.

3. Izixhobo zoTshintsho lwangaphandle

Izixhobo zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle zizixhobo zemali ezimelwe kwimarike yangaphandle kwaye ziquka ikakhulu iikhontrakthi zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo. Ngokwezivumelwano zotshintshiselwano, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Iimarike zesitokhwe ezingcono kwihlabathi

Indawo: Isivumelwano sotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle apho utshintshiselwano lwenene lwemali lungekho emva kosuku lwesibini lweshishini emva komhla wokuqala wesivumelwano. Ibizwa ngokuba "indawo" kuba utshintsho lwenziwe " ngqo kwichaphaza » (ixesha elilinganiselweyo).

Phambili ngokuthe ngqo: Isivumelwano sotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle apho utshintshiselwano lwenene lwemali lwenziwa “ kwixesha elide »nangaphambi kowona mhla wemfuneko ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Kuluncedo kwimeko yokuguquguquka kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano olutshintsha rhoqo.

Ukutshintsha imali: Ukutshintshwa kwemali ibhekisa kwisenzo sokuthenga nokuthengisa ngaxeshanye iimali ezinemihla yexabiso echaziweyo eyahlukileyo.

Iindidi ze-asethi zezixhobo zemali

Ngaphaya kweentlobo zezixhobo zemali ezidweliswe ngasentla, izixhobo zemali zinokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezimbini zee-asethi. Iindidi ezimbini zee-asethi zezixhobo zemali zizixhobo zemali ezisekelwe ematyaleni kunye nezixhobo zemali ezisekelwe kubulungisa.

1. Izixhobo zemali ezisekelwe kwityala

Izixhobo zemali ezisekelwe ematyaleni zihlelwa njengeendlela elinokuthi iqumrhu lizisebenzise ukunyusa isixa semali enkulu kwishishini. Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhondi, iimali zokubophelela, imali mboleko, Amatyala oonondyebo aseMelika, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala kunye nemigca yetyala (LOC).

Ziyinto ebalulekileyo yendawo yoshishino, njengoko zivumela iinkampani ukuba zandise inzuzo yazo ngokukhula kwenkunzi yazo.

2. Equity-based Financial Instruments

Izixhobo zemali ezisekelwe kubulungisa zihlelwa njengeendlela ezisebenza njengobunini obusemthethweni bequmrhu.

Banceda iinkampani ukuba zikhulise imali yazo ngexesha elide xa kuthelekiswa namatyala, kodwa ziyaxhamla kwinto yokuba umniniyo akanalo uxanduva lokubhatalwa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwetyala.

Inkampani ebambe isixhobo semali esekwe kwi-equity ingakhetha ukutyala imali eninzi kwisixhobo okanye isithengise nanini na xa ibona kuyimfuneko.

🌿 Indlela yokukhetha izixhobo zemali ezifanelekileyo?

Njengoko ubona, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye nemizekelo yezixhobo zemali. Ungasikhetha njani esona sisombululo silungileyo kwiimfuno zakho zotyalo-mali? Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iqela le Finance de Demain ichongiwe.

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni lwemali

Izixhobo zemali zinokukubeka kwindlela efanelekileyo yokufezekisa iinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali, kodwa kufuneka uzichaze kuqala.

Ezi isenokuba ziinjongo zexeshana elifutshane ezifana nokunyusa imali eyinkunzi yokuxhasa ishishini elitsha, okanye injongo yexesha elide efana nokuxhasa ngemali umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha.

Ezinye izixhobo zijolise ngakumbi kwixesha elifutshane, ngelixa ezinye ziyimali yotyalo-mali lwexesha elide.

2. Hlalutya iprofayile yakho yomngcipheko

Sonke sineeprofayili zomngcipheko ezahlukeneyo, ukuxuba izinto zengqondo ezifana nokunyamezela umngcipheko kunye neemfuno ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zomngcipheko.

Ukuba unomnqweno ophezulu wokufuna umngcipheko, izixhobo zemali ezibandakanya i-stock market zinokuba lukhetho olungcono kune-low-risk bonds karhulumente kunye nentlawulo ephantsi.

Ngokwemvelo, ukukwazi kwakho ukuthatha umngcipheko kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Abanini bamashishini amancinci banokuba nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo zokuzigcina, kwimeko apho ingxowa-mali elawulwayo yexesha elide inokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.

3. Qonda inzuzo yesixhobo ngasinye semali

Kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zemali. Kufuneka uqhathanise izinto ezifana nenjongo, inqanaba lomngcipheko, ulawulo, kunye nexesha ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.

Ngokwemvelo, inqanaba lakho lokuqala lotyalo-mali kufuneka lifake isandla kwi-equation; ungaze utyale imali ongenakukwazi ukuyihlawula.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela esisebenza ngayo isixhobo, ke yenza uphando lwakho malunga neemali ezifanayo okanye ukurhweba nge-Forex ngaphambi kokutyala imali. Abo batsha kutyalo-mali banokufuna ukunamathela kwizixhobo zemali ezingantsonkothanga njengeengxowa-mali ezifanayo.

Okokugqibela, funa uncedo kubaphathi bemali abaziingcali xa ungathandabuzi. Ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka ube ne ipotifoliyo eyohlukeneyo eziqulethe iindidi ezininzi zezixhobo zemali ngeenjongo zokubiyela. Ingcali iya kubekwa kakuhle ukukunceda.

🌿Izibonelelo zezixhobo zemali

Isixhobo sezeMali sineenzuzo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

• Ii-asethi ezingamanzi njengekheshi kunye nezinto ezilingana nemali ziluncedo kakhulu kumashishini njengoko zinokusetyenziselwa iintlawulo ezikhawulezileyo okanye ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezinokwenzeka zemali.
• Abachaphazelekayo basoloko beziva bekhuselekile ngakumbi kumbutho osebenzise inkunzi eninzi kwimali yabo.
• Izixhobo zemali zibonelela ngenkxaso enkulu yokuxhasa ngezimali ii-asethi eziphathekayo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokugqithiselwa kweemali ukusuka kwii-asethi ezibonakalayo kuxabiso ukuya kwii-asethi ezibonakalayo kwintsilelo.
• Cizixhobo zemali ukusasaza umngcipheko ngokomthamo wokuthatha umngcipheko wabalingane abathathe inxaxheba ekuqondeni utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezingaphathekiyo.
• Iinkampani ezikhetha ukwenza utyalo-mali kwii-asethi zokwenyani zenza ingeniso ephezulu ngenxa yokuba zifumana ipotifoliyo eyohlukeneyo, ihedge ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye zinokubiyela ngokuchasene nokungaqiniseki okubangelwa zizizathu zezopolitiko.

Izixhobo zemali njengoko ubulungisa busebenza njengomthombo osisigxina wenkxaso-mali yombutho. Kwimeko yezabelo ze-equity, ukuhlawulwa kwezabelo kubanini-zabelo kukhetho kuphela.

🌿 Izinto ezingeloncedo izixhobo zemali

Izithintelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungalunganga kwiSixhobo sezeMali zezi zilandelayo:

• Ii-asethi ezingamanzi njengeebhalansi kwiiakhawunti zogcino kunye nezinye iidiphozithi zebhanki zilinganiselwe ngokwembuyekezo kutyalo-mali okanye imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali. Eli nani liphezulu ngenxa yokuba akukho zithintelo zokutsalwa kweedipozithi kwii-akhawunti zogcino-mali kunye nezinye iibhalansi zebhanki.
• Ii-asethi ezingamanzi ezifana nediphozithi yemali, iiakhawunti zeemarike zemali, njl. inokuthintela imibutho ekubeni irhoxe iinyanga okanye ngamanye amaxesha iminyaka okanye nantoni na echazwe kwisivumelwano.
• Ukuba umbutho unqwenela ukuyirhoxisa imali ngaphambi kokuphela kwexesha elikhankanywe kwisivumelwano, ngoko unokohlwaywa okanye ufumane imbuyekezo ephantsi. Iindleko eziphezulu zokuthengiselana nazo ziyinkxalabo kwimibutho ejongene okanye enqwenela ukujongana nezixhobo zemali.

Umbutho akufuneki uthembele kakhulu kumatyala afana nenqununu nenzala njengoko kulindeleke ukuba ahlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Izixhobo zemali, njengeebhondi, zivelisa ngaphantsi kakhulu kunezitokhwe. Iinkampani zinokusilela kwiibhondi.

Ezinye zezixhobo zemali ezifana ne-equity ngumthwalo wobomi bonke kwishishini. Ukulingana kusebenza njengomthwalo osisigxina kwintlangano. I-equity ayinakuhlawulwa nokuba umbutho unemali eyaneleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokwezilungiso zamva nje, iinkampani zinokukhetha ukubuyisela izabelo zazo ngeenjongo zokurhoxisa kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile.

🌿 Yintoni esifanele siyikhumbule?

• Imveliso efana phambili nakwixesha elizayo kunokuzisa inzuzo enkulu kumashishini amancinci, kodwa ukuba ezi zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba ezi zisetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga, zinokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu kunye nokonakala kombutho.
• Imibutho kufuneka ibe ulumke kakhulu xa ujongana ne-swaps, njengoko bephethe inqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko.
• Une ulawulo olululo lwesixhobo imali inokunceda amashishini anciphise iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwandisa ukuthengisa kunye nenzuzo.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ngabantu abangakwaziyo ukuhlawula okanye abangakwazi ukufikelela kwizibonelelo zekhredithi kunye nokonga okucwangcisiweyo.
• Les izixhobo zemali ezingekho sikweni zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibhetyebhetye kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntu. Inokuqaliswa kwaye igqitywe kwimizuzu embalwa emva kwesicelo, njengoko konke okufunekayo yirisithi elula okanye isivumelwano somlomo.

🌿 isiphelo

Ukugqiba, kunokuthiwa ukuba izixhobo zemali azikho nto kodwa uxwebhu olusebenza njenge-asethi yemali kumbutho omnye kwaye njengemfanelo yomnye umbutho.

Ezi zinokuba ngohlobo lweebhondi, iimali eziinkozo kunye nezinto ezilingana nemali, iidiphozithi zebhanki, izitokhwe, izabelo ezikhethwayo, njl. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo sezemali lunoncedo lwalo kunye nokungonakali.

Izixhobo zemali kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kufumaneke ezona nzuzo zininzi. Oku kunokubaluleka kakhulu kumashishini ajonge ukunciphisa iindleko zawo kunye nokwandisa ingeniso yawo yecomp.

Ngaloo ndlela, imibutho kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba isebenzisa izixhobo zemali ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ifumane okuninzi kwaye isuse ingozi yokubuyela emva.

Ukuba ungumcebisi wezezimali, ngoko unokusishiya amava akho kumazwana. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, nalu uqeqesho olupheleleyo kurhwebo lwe-Intanethi.