Iingcebiso eziphambili zokwahluka kotyalo-mali lwakho

Kutheni kwaye ungaluguqula njani utyalo-mali lwakho? Utyalo-mali lulo olukuqinisekisa ngemali engcono ngomso. Kule nto, ukwahlukana kuhlala kungundoqo kwimpumelelo yotyalo-mali. Ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali eyahluka-hlukeneyo inciphisa umngcipheko ngelixa utyala imali ixesha elide. Ivumela inani lotyalo-mali olunesivuno esiphezulu ngokunciphisa imingcipheko enokwenzeka ngeendlela ezizinzileyo.

Xa uqala kwangethuba, usenokufumanisa ixabiso lokonga okuqeqeshekileyo kunye nokucwangcisa iinjongo zobomi bakho. Unokuqala ngomxube wemali, izitokhwe, iibhondi okanye izibambiso zikarhulumente.

Kodwa kuthetha ukuthini ukwahlukanisa utyalo-mali lwakho? Kodwa okokuqala nantsi uqeqesho ukuba yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphumelela kushishino.

Yintoni isicwangciso-qhinga?

Ukususela kwinqanaba Imodeli yeshishini okanye kamva, ngexesha lokuvela kwayo, izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ziyafumaneka kwinkampani. Ukwahluka yenye yazo.

Njengoko igama laso libonisa, esi sicwangciso siqulathe ukwahluka kwemimandla yokusebenza yenkampani, ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nemveliso. Oku kunokuthetha ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha okanye ukungena kwimarike entsha.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokwahlukana. Isenokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle. Kwimeko yokuqala, inkampani isebenza utshintsho lwesakhiwo ukuze ivelise izinto ezintsha kwizibonelelo zayo ezikhoyo. Okwesibini, inkampani ithatha enye eya kuthi iququzelele ukufikelela kwayo kwicandelo elitsha ekujoliswe kulo.

Nje ukuba ukhulise ukuzithemba kwizigqibo zakho kwaye unemali eyaneleyo, unokwahluka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neemarike zehlabathi kunye nezindlu. Nazi iindlela onokwahlula ngazo utyalo-mali lwakho.

Fumanisa ukuba kutheni ukwahlukana kubalulekile

Ipotfoliyo eyohlukeneyo inceda utyalo-mali lwakho lulonke lufunxe ukothuka kwalo naluphi na ukuphazamiseka kwezemali, lubonelele ngeyona bhalansi ilungileyo kwisicwangciso sakho sogcino. Kodwa ulwahlulo alukhawulelwanga kuhlobo lotyalo-mali okanye kwiindidi zezibambiso. Ikwanwenwela ngaphakathi kwiklasi nganye yokhuseleko.

Tyala imali kumashishini ahlukeneyo, izicwangciso zenzala kunye ne-tenure. Ngokomzekelo, musa ukubeka lonke utyalo-mali lwakho kwicandelo loxubo-mayeza, nokuba lelinye lawona macandelo aqhuba kakuhle. Yahlula-hlula utyalo-mali lwakho kwamanye amacandelo akhulayo, afana neteknoloji yezemfundo okanye iteknoloji yolwazi.

Ulwabiwo lwempahla

Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zotyalo-mali: izitokhwe kunye neebhondi. Nangona izitokhwe zibhekwa njengomngcipheko ophezulu kunye nezivuno eziphezulu, iibhondi zihlala zizinzile kunye nezivuno eziphantsi.

Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa komngcipheko wakho, kufuneka ukwahlule imali yakho phakathi kwezi zimbini zikhetho. Ubuqhetseba kukudibanisa bobabini, ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi umngcipheko kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukwabiwa kwe-asethi ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwiminyaka kunye nendlela yokuphila. Kwiminyaka emncinci, unokuthatha umngcipheko kwiphothifoliyo yakho ngokukhetha amasheya anikezela ngembuyekezo ephezulu.

Indlela elungileyo yokusasaza kuku thabatha iminyaka yakho kwi-100 - oku kufuneka kube yipesenti yesitokhwe kwipotfoliyo yakho. Ngokomzekelo, umntu oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala unokugcina iipesenti ezingama-70 kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zeebhondi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntu oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala kufuneka anciphise ukuvezwa komngcipheko, ngoko ke, ulwabiwo lwe-stock-bond kufuneka lube. 40:60. Noko ke, kusenokufuneka ucinge ngemali yentsapho yakho xa usenza ezi zigqibo.

Ukuba wabelana ngeendleko ezininzi zosapho, kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi malunga notyalo-mali lwakho. Oku kunganciphisa ubungakanani bemali onayo kwaye ke ngoko unokufuna ukuyidlala ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuthambeka okuphezulu ukuya kwiibhondi.

Vavanya imingcipheko esemgangathweni yokhuseleko phambi kotyalo-mali

Unokunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kokurhweba ngesitokhwe ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwengozi esemgangathweni ngaphambi kokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isitokhwe. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko olusemgangathweni lunika amanqaku achazwe kwangaphambili ukuvavanya impumelelo yeprojekthi.

Ukusebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo, umntu kufuneka avavanye isitokhwe ngeeparamitha ezithile ezibonisa ukuzinza kwayo okanye amandla okwenza kakuhle.

Ezi parameters ziya kubandakanya imodeli yoshishino eyomeleleyo, imfezeko yabaphathi abaphezulu, ulawulo lweshishini, ixabiso lophawu, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, izenzo ezisebenzayo zokulawula umngcipheko kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso okanye iinkonzo zayo, ezinxulumene nokhuphiswano lwayo.

Utyalo-mali kukhuseleko lwemalike yemali ezinkozo

Izixhobo zemarike yemali ziquka iziqinisekiso zediphozithi (CD), iphepha lokuthengisa (CP) kunye neebhili ze-treasury (T-bills). Olona ncedo lukhulu kwezi ziqinisekiso kukukhululeka kokupheliswa. Umngcipheko ophantsi uwenza ube lutyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo.

Kuzo zonke izibambiso kwimarike, amatyala e-treasury ngawona akufutshane kwizibambiso ezingenamngcipheko ezinokuthengwa ngamnye.

Ngelixa i-g-secs isaziwa ngokhuseleko lwazo, awaziwa ngezivuno zawo eziphezulu. Yintoni eyenza i-g-sec ikhuseleke kukugquma kwayo ekuguquguqukeni kweemarike, kodwa ikwasusa ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenza inzuzo enkulu njengakwimeko yesitokhwe.

Tyala kwiibhondi ngokuqukuqela kwemali ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo

Iimali ezihlangeneyo zithathwa njengokhetho lotyalo-mali oluthembekileyo noluzinzileyo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kweemali ezihlangeneyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshala imali, ukufumana inzala kunye nokukhulula.

Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwimali yakho nokuba ibotshelelwe kwisicwangciso sokugcina imali, cinga ngokutyala imali kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo ezilandelelanayo. Ngezi ntlobo zotyalo-mali, unokurhoxisa isixa esimiselweyo ngenyanga okanye ngekota. Unokwenza ngokwezifiso ukurhoxiswa, ukukhetha isixa esimiselweyo okanye ngokuchasene nenzuzo.

Landela isicwangciso sokuthenga

Isicwangciso sotyalo-mali sisicwangciso sakho sexesha elide lokonga. Ngoko kufuneka uqale ukucinga ixesha elide kwaye ugweme ukuphendula kwamadolo. Cinga thenga ukubamba endaweni yeqhinga lokurhweba rhoqo. Injongo kukugcina ipotifoliyo ezinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuguquguquka kweemarike.

Ngokungafaniyo norhwebo olungagungqiyo, le yindlela yokungenzi nto apho uvumela utyalo-mali lwakho ukuba lukhule. Oko kwathiwa, ungoyiki ukunciphisa ukubamba okuye kwaxabisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali kunokuba kuyimfuneko okanye ngobulumko.

Qonda izinto ezichaphazela iimarike zemali

Ngaphambi kokutyala imali kwiimarike zemali, kufuneka uqale uqonde izinto ezichaphazela ukuhamba kwayo. Iimalike zezemali ziquka utshintshiselwano ngestokhwe, utshintshiselwano lwamazwe angaphandle, iimarike zebhondi, iimarike zemali kunye neemarike zangaphakathi.

Ngokwesiseko yimarike yezixhobo zemali kwaye njengayo nayiphi na enye imarike, zisebenza ngokubonelelwa nangemfuno. Njengayo nayiphi na enye imarike, kukwakho nemiba yangaphandle efana nenzala kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphembelela amandla ayo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neemarike zehlabathi

Iimarike zehlabathi zinamandla okwenza imbuyekezo ephezulu ngexesha elifutshane. Ezi marike zidla ngokuphawulwa ngotshintsho olukhawuleza kakhulu apho umtyali-mali kufuneka ajongane nemigaqo yezemali emininzi.

Njengomtyali-mali omncinci, kunokuthatha ixesha lokufunda indlela esebenza ngayo, ukuqonda iintsingiselo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye yintoni eqhuba olo tshintsho. Kodwa kunokuba luncedo kakhulu, ngakumbi xa imarike ifumana ukuhla okuzinzileyo.

Ungaqala nge ingxowa mali yotshintshiselwano (ETF) okanye ingxowa-mali ehlangeneyo enexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobutyebi obuninzi. Iya kukuvumela ukuba utyale imali ngokukhuselekileyo ngenkunzi encinci, ikunika ithuba elifanelekileyo lokujonga kunye nokuqonda ukuba isebenza njani imakethi yehlabathi.

Lungisa ipotifoliyo yakho ngamaxesha athile

Ibhalansi ibalulekile ebomini xa wena yahlula utyalo-mali lwakho. Kubalulekile ukujonga ipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ngamaxesha athile ukujonga ibhalansi yee-asethi ezahlukeneyo.

Olu phononongo kufuneka lusekelwe kwiinjongo zakho kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakho, kunye novavanyo lokuba uqale phi kunye nokuba ude kangakanani.

Umcebisi wezezimali unokukunceda ujonge ngokutsha utyalo-mali lwakho ngokusekelwe kwindlela ophila ngayo. Lo msebenzi ukwakwenza ube nembeko malunga notyalo-mali lwakho, ngelixa ukwazisa ngokukhula kwalo ngonyaka. Ezi zinto zimbini ziya kukunceda ekugqibeleni wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi, ngelixa uphuhlisa umbono ophucukileyo wotyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo.

Zama isicwangciso sotyalo-mali esiqeqeshekileyo

Ukuba unemali encinci ofuna ukuyityala ngexesha elithile kunokuba utyale isixa esikhulu ngexesha elinye, i-SIP lukhetho oluhle. Ngaphantsi kwale ndlela, unokutyala imali emiselweyo kwiimali ezihlangeneyo ngamaxesha amiselweyo.

Ilungele abo bangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwisixa esikhulu, kodwa abanakho ukuhlawula imali encinci kuphela ngenyanga nganye.

Tyala kwi-inshurensi yobomi

Bambalwa abantu abadala baseIndiya abacinga ngokutyala imali kwiinshurensi yobomi. Kunokuba nzima ukucinga ukufa njengomntu oselula, ngakumbi ukuba akutshatanga okanye unabanye abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe.

Kodwa ingcebiso yakudala yokuthathela ingqalelo i-inshurensi yobomi njengeyona ndlela yotyalo-mali ibambe inyani, ngakumbi xa usemncinci ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi epremiyamu enokuthi inkampani yakho yeinshurensi ikubonelele ngayo usemncinci.

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zobomi zithatha isigqibo malunga neeprimiyamu ezisekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, kwaye ukuba umncinci, uya kuthoba iipremiyamu zakho. I-inshurensi yobomi ayinakukunceda ngoku, kodwa iya kukhusela abo ubathandayo xa ungekho.

Kulumkele ukuthambekela kwakho kwezemali

Xa ucwangcisa utyalo-mali lwakho, kufuneka ulumkele ucalucalulo kunye nezimvo ezinokuphembelela izigqibo zakho. Sihlala siphenjelelwa yimiba yangaphandle, ngakumbi umngcipheko wokutya, isimo sengqondo sosapho, ithamsanqa kunye neenkolelo zenkcubeko.

Ukulungela umngcipheko kubhekiselele kwinqanaba lomngcipheko oya kuvuma ukuwuthatha, odla ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yentsapho kunye nesimo sengqondo senkcubeko. Abantu abadala abasebatsha abasuka kwiintsapho ezifumileyo badla ngokukhetha utyalo-mali olusemngciphekweni omkhulu, olunembuyekezo ephezulu.

Kwelinye icala, abo basuka kwimvelaphi ethobekileyo banokuthi batyale imali kwiipotifoliyo ezikhuselekileyo. Isimo sengqondo sosapho sikwachaphazela ukukulungela kwethu ukuthembela kwinto " ithuba ».

Olunye uphawu olukhethekileyo yimpembelelo yenkcubeko ethatha isigqibo malunga notyalo-mali lwethu. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukutyala imali kwigolide, ngelixa abanye bekhetha ukutyala imali kumhlaba.

Yahlula utyalo-mali lwakho: Shwa nkathelo

Injongo yotyalo-mali kukunika imali yakho ithuba lokukhula kwaye ikuncede ufezekise ezinye iinjongo zakho zobomi. Okukhona uqala kwangethuba, kokukhona unokunikela ixesha elininzi utyalo-mali lwakho ukufikelela kwisakhono salo.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nokuziphatha kakuhle kwezemali, umkhwa wokulondoloza nokuqonda izixhobo zotyalo-mali. Ukuqala kwangethuba kukunika inkululeko yezemali kunye nokuzinza ukuze ulandele ezinye izinto ozithandayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ngokwenza njalo kufuneka ulwahlule utyalo-mali lwakho.

Nangona kunjalo, andinakukushiya ngaphandle kokukunika uqeqesho lwam kuqeqesho lomntu siqu. Cofa apha ukukhuphela isikhokelo sokugqibela solawulo lwemali yobuqu.

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