Yintoni i-KYC kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

Ukwazi ukuba ngubani umthengi wakho kunye nokwamkela imigaqo yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali yimingeni eqhubekayo kumaziko emali. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, amaziko emali kufuneka athobele imimiselo eyandayo entsonkothileyo yoqinisekiso lwesazisi somthengi ekuthiwa yi-KYC. I-KYC, ekwaziwa njenge “Yazi umThengi wakho"Okanye"Wazi uMthengi wakho”, yiseti yeenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani umthengi ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lentengiselwano yezemali.

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-KYC kunokuncedisa ukuba uhlale ungekho imali ngokungekho mthethweni, inkxaso-mali yabanqolobi kunye nezinye iinkqubo zobuqhetseba eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekisa kuqala ubuni bomthengi kunye neenjongo ekuvuleni iakhawunti, kwaye ke ukuqonda iipatheni zabo zentengiselwano, amaziko emali ayakwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi umsebenzi okrokrelayo.

Amaziko emali aphantsi kwemigangatho engqongqo xa kufikwa kwimithetho ye-KYC. Kufuneka bachithe imali eninzi ukuze bathobele i-KYC okanye bajamelane nezohlwayo ezinzima. Le mimiselo ithetha ukuba phantse nayiphi na inkampani, iqonga okanye umbutho osebenzisana neziko lezemali ukuvula i-akhawunti okanye ukuthengiselana kuya kufuneka ukuba uthobele ezi zibophelelo. Kweli nqaku sithetha ngayo yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nemigaqo ye-KYC.

Yintoni i-KYC ebhankini?

I-KYC imele Yazi umThengi wakho kwaye yinkqubo emiselweyo yokunyameka esetyenziswa ngamaziko emali kunye nezinye iinkampani zeenkonzo zezimali ukuvavanya nokubeka iliso kumngcipheko wabathengi kunye nokuqinisekisa ubuni bomthengi. I-KYC iqinisekisa ukuba umthengi nguye ukuba ubanga ukuba.

Phantsi kwe-KYC, abathengi kufuneka banike iziqinisekiso ezingqina ubuni babo kunye nedilesi. Iziqinisekiso zokuqinisekisa zingabandakanya ukuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhayometriki, kunye/okanye ukuqinisekiswa koxwebhu. Ubungqina bedilesi, amatyala asetyenziswayo angumzekelo wamaxwebhu amkelekileyo.

I-KYC yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokumisela umngcipheko wabathengi kunye nokuba umthengi unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeziko lokusebenzisa iinkonzo zalo. Kukwalunyanzeliso lomthetho ukuba ukuthobela imithetho echasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML). Amaziko emali kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba abathengi abazibandakanyi kulwaphulo-mthetho ngokusebenzisa iinkonzo zabo.

Iibhanki zinokwala ukuvula i-akhawunti okanye ukuphelisa ubudlelwane boshishino ukuba umthengi akahlangabezani neemfuneko ze-KYC ezincinci.

Yintoni i-eKYC?

EIndiya, i-eKYC yinkqubo apho isazisi somthengi kunye nedilesi ziqinisekiswa nge-elektroniki ngoqinisekiso lwe-Aadhaar. I-Aadhaar yinkqubo ye-eID yebhayometriki yesizwe yaseIndiya. I-eKYC ikwabhekiselele ekuthatheni ulwazi kwizichongi (imowudi ye-OCR), ukukhupha idatha yedijithali kwii-ID ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente (ngetshiphu) kunye nobukho bomzimba, okanye usebenzisa izazisi zedijithali eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuqondwa kobuso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi be-intanethi.

Olu hlobo loqinisekiso lwe-KYC lukwasetyenziselwa cryptocurrency zokusebenza zorhwebo.

Kutheni le nto inkqubo ye-KYC ibalulekile?

Iinkqubo ze-KYC ezichazwe ngamabhanki zibandakanya zonke izenzo eziyimfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi babo banyanisekile, ukuvavanya nokubeka iliso kwiingozi. Ezi nkqubo zokukhwela kwabathengi zinceda ekuthinteleni nasekuchongeni ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni, inkxaso-mali yabanqolobi kunye nezinye izikimu zorhwaphilizo ezingekho mthethweni.

Inkqubo ye-KYC ibandakanya ukuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwamaxwebhu afana namatyala asetyenziswayo njengobungqina bedilesi, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwebhayometriki. Iibhanki kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo ye-KYC kunye nemigaqo echasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali ukunciphisa ubuqhophololo. Uxanduva lokuthotyelwa kwe-KYC luxhomekeke kwiibhanki.

Kwimeko yokungathobeli, izohlwayo ezinzima zinokusetyenziswa. EUnited States, eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neAsia-Pacific, iyonke malunga 26 izigidigidi zeedola Izohlwayo ziye zahlawuliswa ngenxa yokungahambelani ne-AML, i-KYC kunye nemithetho yezohlwayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo (2008-2018) - singasathethi ke umonakalo owenziweyo kwaye awulinganiswanga.

Ngubani ofuna i-KYC?

I-KYC iyafuneka kumaziko emali ajongana nabathengi xa evula kwaye egcina iiakhawunti. Xa ishishini likhwela umthengi omtsha okanye xa umthengi wangoku efumana imveliso elawulwayo, iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-KYC zisebenza ngokubanzi.

Amaziko emali ekufuneka aqinisekise kwiiprothokholi ze-KYC abandakanya:

• Iibhanki
• iimanyano zamatyala
• Iinkampani zolawulo lobutyebi kunye nabarhwebi
• Usetyenziso lwetekhnoloji yezemali (izicelo fintech), kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi abayenzayo
• Ababolekisi babucala kunye namaqonga okubolekisa ngemali

Imimiselo ye-KYC iye yaba ngumba obaluleke kakhulu phantse kuwo onke amaziko asebenzisana nemali (ngoko, kakhulu kwishishini ngalinye). Nangona iibhanki kufuneka zithobele I-KYC ukunciphisa ubuqhophololo, bakwadlulisela lo myalelo kwimibutho abashishina nayo.

Ngawaphi amacandelo amathathu e-KYC?

Amacandelo amathathu e-KYC abandakanya:

• Inkqubo yokuchonga uMthengi (CIP) : umxhasi lowo uthi unguye
• Ukunyameka koMthengi (CDD): Vavanya inqanaba lomngcipheko womxhasi, kuquka uphononongo lwabanini benkampani abaxhamli
• Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo: qinisekisa iipatheni zentengiselwano yabathengi kwaye uxele umsebenzi okrokrisayo rhoqo

Inkqubo yokuchonga uMthengi (CIP)

Ukuthobela inkqubo yokuchongwa kwabathengi, iziko lezemali licela umthengi ngolwazi lokuchongwa. Iziko lezemali ngalinye liqhuba eyalo inkqubo ye-CIP ngokusekelwe kwiprofayili yalo yomngcipheko, ngoko umthengi unokucelwa ukuba anike ulwazi olwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiziko.

Ngomntu ngamnye, olu lwazi lungabandakanya:

• Iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba
• Incwadana yokundwendwela

Kwishishini, olu lwazi lungabandakanya:

• Amanqaku aqinisekisiweyo okuBandakanywa
• Ilayisensi yeshishini ekhutshwe ngurhulumente
• Isivumelwano seNtsebenziswano
• Isixhobo sokuthembela

Kwishishini okanye umntu, ukuqinisekiswa okongeziweyo kolwazi kunokubandakanya:

• Iimbekiselo zemali
• Ulwazi oluvela kwi-arhente yengxelo yomthengi okanye isiseko sedatha yoluntu
• Ingxelo yemali

Amaziko emali kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba le ngcaciso ichanekile kwaye inokuthenjwa, esebenzisa amaxwebhu, isiqinisekiso esingengawo amaxwebhu, okanye zombini.

Ukunyameka koMthengi (CDD)

Ukunyamekelwa koMthengi kufuna ukuba amaziko emali enze uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lomngcipheko. Amaziko emali avavanya iintlobo zentengiselwano ezinokubakho umthengi aya kuzenza ukuze akwazi ukubona indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga (okanye ekrokrisayo).

Ngokwesi siseko, iziko linokwabela i umxhasi a umngcipheko rating ukuba iya kumisela iqondo kunye namaxesha okuhlolwa kwe-akhawunti. Amaziko kufuneka achonge kwaye aqinisekise ubuni bakhe nawuphi na umntu wendalo ongumnikazi we-25% okanye ngaphezulu yequmrhu elisemthethweni, kunye nomntu wendalo olawula iqumrhu elisemthethweni.

Nangona kungekho nkqubo isemgangathweni yokwenza inkuthalo efanelekileyo, amaziko anokuyilwa kumanqanaba amathathu:

• Ukukhuthala Kwenziwa Lula (“SDD”). Kwii-akhawunti zexabiso eliphantsi, okanye apho umngcipheko wokuthengiswa kwemali okanye ubugrogrisi bezemali buphantsi, i-CDD epheleleyo isenokungabi yimfuneko.
• La Ukunyameka koMthengi oSisiseko (“CDD”). Kweli nqanaba lenkuthalo efanelekileyo, amaziko emali kulindeleke ukuba aqinisekise ubuni bomthengi kunye nenqanaba lomngcipheko.
• Ukomelezwa koKukhuthala (“EDD”). Abathengi abasengozini enkulu okanye abanexabiso eliphezulu banokufuna ukuqokelelwa kolwazi oluthe kratya ukuze iziko lezemali liqonde ngcono imisebenzi yezemali yomthengi kunye nobungozi. Umzekelo, ukuba umthengi ungumntu ovezwe ngokwezopolitiko (PEP), banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokurhwaphilizwa kwemali.

Ukubeka iliso rhoqo

Ukubeka iliso okuthe gqolo kuthetha ukuba amaziko emali kufuneka asoloko ebeka iliso kwiintengiselwano zabathengi bawo. Oku kujoliswe ekubhaqeni nawuphi na umsebenzi okrokrisayo okanye ongaqhelekanga. Eli candelo lithatha indlela eguqukayo nesekwe kumngcipheko kwi-KYC.

Xa kufunyenwe umsebenzi okrokrelayo okanye ongaqhelekanga, iziko lezemali kufuneka lingenise iNgxelo yoMsebenzi oSolisayo (SAR) kwi FinCEN (I-Financial Crimes Enforcement Network) kunye nezinye ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC: iindlela ezintsha zamkelekile

NgoNovemba ka-2018, ii-arhente zase-US, kuquka i-Federal Reserve, zikhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo eyakhuthaza ezinye iibhanki ukuba zibe yinkimbinkimbi kwiindlela zabo zokuchonga umsebenzi okrokrelayo kunye nokuzama ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobuchwepheshe besazisi sedijithali.

Abaphathi baseYurophu abaLawulayo bakhuthaze izisombululo ezitsha zokujongana nemingeni ethile yokuthotyelwa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Bacebisa ukugcina indlela eqhelekileyo yemigangatho ehambelanayo kwi-EU iphela.

Babonelela ngeentlobo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa, ezifana "nesicelo esidibeneyo sekhompyuter esichonga ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye siqinisekise umntu ovela kumfanekiso wedijithali okanye umthombo wevidiyo (ibhayometriki yobuso)” okanye “ifitsha eyakhelweyo yokhuseleko enokubona imifanekiso ephazanyisiweyo (umzekelo, ubuso morph) ukuze le mifanekiso ibonakale iphikisekile okanye imfiliba. »

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biometrics kunomngeni kwimimiselo yendawo okanye yengingqi. Le migaqo yezemali yile: GDPR kwi-EU, CCPA eCalifornia, ukubiza ezimbalwa.

isiphelo

Imimiselo ye-KYC ineempembelelo ezinzulu kubathengi kunye namaziko emali. Amaziko emali kufuneka alandele imigangatho ye-KYC xa esebenza nomthengi omtsha. Le migangatho yamiselwa ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemali kunye nokuthengiswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni. Le migangatho ikwabandakanya inkxaso-mali yobunqolobi kunye neminye imisebenzi yezemali engekho mthethweni.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Kutheni uqeqesho lwabasebenzi benkampani lubalulekile?

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali kwabanqolobi kuhlala kuxhomekeke kwiiakhawunti ezivulwe ngokungaziwa. Ugxininiso olwandisiweyo kwimimiselo ye-KYC kukhokelele ekwandeni kwengxelo yeentengiselwano ezikrokrelekayo. Indlela esekelwe kumngcipheko kunye ne-KYC inokunceda ukuphelisa umngcipheko wobuqhetseba. Inokuqinisekisa amava angcono omthengi.

Sishiye uluvo lwakho kwizimvo ukusivumela ukuba sihlaziye eli nqaku