Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neefolokhwe kwi-cryptography

Emhlabeni cryptocurrencies, sisebenzisa igama Ifom ukutyumba i-blockchain eyahlulahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo kwibhloko ethile kwimeko ye “ ifom ekhuni ” okanye ifumana uhlaziyo olukhulu kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yayo kwimeko “ ifoloko ethambileyo ". Njengoko uyazi, akukho qela linolawulo olupheleleyo lwenethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Wonke umsebenzisi kuthungelwano angathabatha inxaxheba, ngaphandle kokuba balandela indlela echaziweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-consus algorithm. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le algorithm ifuna ukutshintshwa?

Ewe, ifolokhwe sisiphumo sokuguqulwa kwe-blockchain consensus protocol. Ifolokhwe eqinileyo kwenzeka ukuba i-blockchain entsha yohlukana ngokusisigxina kwi-blockchain yokuqala.

Bonke abasebenzisi benethiwekhi kufuneka bahlaziye isoftware yabo ukuze baqhubeke nokuthatha inxaxheba. I-Bitcoin Cash Fork yeBitcoin blockchain yoqobo ngowona mzekelo waziwa kakhulu wefolokhwe enzima.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngombono othi “Ifom” kwi-cryptography. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, sikucebisa ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu iCryptographic Nonce.

Makhe siye

Yintoni ifolokhwe kwi-cryptography?

Ekuqaleni, kwakukho iBitcoin, eyayiyilelwe ukuba isebenze njengenye indlela yedijithali kwimali eziinkozo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iimali ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi zavela, ezifana Ripples et Monero. zob ii-cryptocurrencies ezintsha khange ivele nje, zininzi ziziphumo zefolokhwe.

Ngokwengqiqo ebanzi, ifolokhwe lutshintsho nje kwiprotocol ye-blockchain esetyenziswa yisoftware ukugqiba ukuba intengiselwano iyasebenza okanye hayi. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse nakuphi na ukungafani kwi-blockchain kunokuthathwa njengefolokhwe.

Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni a ifolokhwe ngokukodwa ifolokhwe enzima, Kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala itekhnoloji ye-blockchain.

I-blockchain ngokuyisiseko ikhonkco eyenziwe ngeebhloko zedatha ezisebenza njengeleja yedijithali apho ibhloko nganye entsha isemthethweni kuphela emva kokuba yangaphambili iqinisekisiwe ngabaqinisekisi benethiwekhi. Idatha kwi-blockchain inokulandelwa emva kwentengiselwano yokuqala kwinethiwekhi.

Ngokomgaqo, xa i-blockchain ihlukana kubini, ibizwa ngokuba "yifolokhwe". Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeefolokhwe, ezona ziphambili ifolokhwe eqinileyo, ifolokhwe ethambileyo et ifolokhwe yethutyana. Zombini iifolokhwe ezinzima kunye neefolokhwe ezithambileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ishishini le-blockchain lisebenza kwaye lilawulwa.

Kwezinye iiprojekthi ze-blockchain, ukuhlaziywa kweprotocol ngendlela yeefolokhwe ezinzima ziye zasekwa ukususela ekuqalisweni kweprojekthi.

Iifolokhwe ezinzima

Ifolokhwe eqinileyo lutshintsho lweprotocol olufuna zonke iindawo kuthungelwano ukuhlaziya isoftwe yazo ukuqhubeka nokuthatha inxaxheba kuthungelwano.

I-nodes yenguqu entsha ye-blockchain ayisayi kuhlangabezana nemithetho ye-blockchain endala, kodwa yimithetho emitsha kuphela. I-blockchain entsha ihlala ishiya inguqulelo yakudala.

Ke, ifolokhwe enzima idala iibhloko ezimbini ezihlala kunye, kwaye ibhloko nganye ilawulwa yisoftware yayo yeprotocol.

Ifolokhwe enzima ifuna inkxaso eninzi (okanye imvumelwano) evela kubanini bemali eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yemali.

Ye ifolokhwe enzima iyamkelwa, inani elaneleyo leendawo kufuneka zihlaziywe kuguqulelo lwamva nje lwesoftware yeprotocol. Oku kubavumela ukuba basebenzise ingqekembe entsha kunye ne-blockchain.

Makhe sithathe umzekelo yenethiwekhi yeBitcoin. Njengoko i-Bitcoin yaqhubeka itsala abasebenzisi abaninzi nangakumbi, ukuthengiselana kwinethiwekhi yabiza kakhulu. Amanye amalungu oluntu aqalisa ukuzibuza ngezizathu zalo mkhwa.

Ingxaki, ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, lonke uluntu, kuquka abasebenzi basezimayini, abaphuhlisi, kunye nabanye abasebenzisi, abakhange babonakale bevumelana ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokuzisa olu tshintsho. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yengxoxo, kwavela izikolo ezibini ezibalaseleyo.

Kutheni kwenzeka iifolokhwe ezinzima?

Ukuba iifolokhwe ezinzima zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukhuseleko lwe-blockchain, kutheni zisenzeka? Impendulo ilula. Iifolokhwe ezinzima ziyimfuneko yokuphucula inethiwekhi njengoko iteknoloji ye-blockchain iqhubeka nokuguquka.

Izizathu ezininzi zinokubangela ifolokhwe enzima, kwaye ayizizo zonke ezimbi:

• Yongeza iimpawu   
• Lungisa imingcipheko yokhuseleko    
• Sombulula ukungavisisani phakathi koluntu lwe-cryptocurrency   
• Reverse transactions kwi blockchain

Iifolokhwe ezinzima nazo zingenzeka ngengozi. Rhoqo ezi ziganeko zisonjululwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye abo bebengasavumelani ne-blockchain ephambili babuyela umva bajoyine emva kokuba benayo ndaqonda ukuba kwenzeke ntoni.

Ngokufanayo, iifolokhwe ezinzima zongeza iimpawu kunye nokuphucula inethiwekhi ngokubanzi zivumela abo bangaphumeleli ukufikelela kwisivumelwano sokujoyina ikhonkco eliphambili.

Iifolokhwe ezithambileyo  

Ifolokhwe ethambileyo luhlobo lohlaziyo lwesoftware kwi-blockchain. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba yamkelwe ngabo bonke abasebenzisi, yenza imigangatho emitsha ethile kwimali.

Iifolokhwe ezithambileyo zisetyenziselwe ukuzisa izinto ezintsha, ngokuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba leprogram, ukuya zombini i-Bitcoin kunye ne-Ethereum. Njengoko isiphumo sokugqibela si blockchain enye, utshintsho lubuyela ngasemva luhambelana neebhloko zangaphambili.

Ukubeka nje, ifolokhwe ethambileyo ikhuthaza i-blockchain endala ukuba yamkele imithetho emitsha. Ke ngoko, ukwamkela zombini iibhloko ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neebhloko zentengiselwano ezindala.

Ngoko ke, ngokungafaniyo nefolokhwe enzima, ifolokhwe ethambileyo igcina i-blockchain endala ngokugcina iindlela ezimbini ezineesethi ezahlukeneyo zemithetho. Umzekelo wefolokhwe ethambileyo iphunyezwe ngempumelelo luhlaziyo lweprotocol ye2015 Bitcoin SegWit.

Ngaphambi kohlaziyo lwe-SegWit, i-protocol ye-Bitcoin yayibiza kakhulu, malunga ne-30 yeedola ngentengiselwano, kwaye ixesha elide. Abadali bento eya kuba luhlaziyo lweSegWit baqaphele ukuba idatha yesiginitsha imele malunga ne-65% yebhloko yentengiselwano. Ngoko ke, i-SegWit icebise ukwandisa ubungakanani bebhloko ukusebenza ukusuka 1 MB ukuya 4 MB.

Ingcamango emva kokunyuka yayikukwahlula okanye ukususa idatha yesignesha kwidatha yentengiselwano kwibhloko nganye ye-blockchain, ukukhulula indawo ye-transactional throughput enkulu kwibhloko nganye. Ngokusebenzisa ifolokhwe ethambileyo, iBlockchain endala yeBitcoin yakwazi ukwamkela iibhloko ezintsha ze 4 MB kunye neebhloko ze-1 MB ngaxeshanye.

Ngenkqubo yobunjineli ekrelekrele efomathiweyo imithetho emitsha ngaphandle kokwaphula emidala, ifolokhwe ethambileyo yavumela iindawo ezindala ukuba ziqinisekise iibhloko ezintsha nazo.

I-SegWit – ifolokhwe ethambileyo yeBlockchain yeBitcoin

I-SegWit luphuculo olubuyela ngasemva oluhambelanayo lweprotocol yeBitcoin etshintsha kakhulu ubume bentengiselwano ngokuhambisa idatha yesiginitsha (ingqina okanye ingqina) kwisiseko sedatha esahlukileyo (ngokwahlulwa).

Injongo yayo ephambili kukulungisa ukonakala kweentengiselwano, kodwa ikwavumela ukunyusa umthamo wokuthengiselana weBitcoin, ukuphucula ukuqinisekiswa kwemisayino kunye nokuququzelela uhlengahlengiso lwexesha elizayo lweprotocol.

Abo basikhuselayo isindululo “ SegWit » kuqwalaselwe ukuba bekungeyomfuneko ukunyusa ubungakanani beebhloko zeBitcoin ngokungenasiphelo, ngenxa yeengxaki zokuncipha; ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-node kuya kufuna izixhobo ezininzi zehardware.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, babekholelwa kwi-megabyte ubungakanani umda umda ukuba Satoshi Nakamoto wongezelela Bitcoin ngo 2010. Ukuze uhlale ngokuhambelana umbono Nakamoto, eli qela uphando indlela yokuvumela intengiselwano ngakumbi ibhloko nganye ngelixa ugcina ubungakanani block ubuninzi efanayo. kwaye yindlela eyazalwa ngayo iSegWit.

Umahluko phakathi kweefolokhwe eziqinileyo kunye neefolokhwe ezithambileyo

Iifolokhwe ezinzima ayisiyiyo yodwa indlela yokuphucula isoftware ngasemva kwe-cryptocurrency. Iifolokhwe ezithambileyo, kwelinye icala, zithathwa njengenye indlela ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo ngasemva, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iindawo ezingaphucukanga kwiinguqulelo ezintsha zisezakulibona ikhonkco lisebenzayo.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwefolokhwe enzima kunye nefoloko ethambileyo iyimfuneko yokuhlaziya i-software ye-node.

I-nodes yenguqu entsha ye-blockchain iyamkela imigaqo yomdala ngexesha elithile, ngaphezu kwemithetho emitsha, kwaye inethiwekhi igcina inguqu endala ngelixa idala entsha.

Ifolokhwe ethambileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukongeza iimpawu ezintsha kunye nemisebenzi engatshintshi imithetho i-blockchain kufuneka ilandele. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphumeza izinto ezintsha kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa.

Ukuqonda ngcono umahluko phakathi kweefolokhwe ezinzima kunye neefolokhwe ezithambileyo, kunokucingwa njengento esisiseko yokuphucula inkqubo kwisixhobo esiphathwayo okanye kwikhompyuter.

Emva kohlaziyo, zonke izicelo ezikwisixhobo zisasebenza nenguqulelo entsha yenkqubo yokusebenza. Ifolokhwe enzima, kule meko, iya kuba yinguqu epheleleyo kwinkqubo entsha yokusebenza. Kwelinye lamanqaku ethu sichaza Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neCrypto Airdrops