Ukuqonda ngcono imali yeshishini

imali yeshishini idibanisa yonke imiba yezemali enxulumene nombutho. Le yimiba enxulumene notyalo-mali lwenkunzi, ibhanki, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, njl. Ijonge ekwandiseni ixabiso labaninizabelo ngocwangciso lwemali lwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Nawuphi na umsebenzi okanye inkalo ebandakanya Imali yombutho yinxalenye yemali yeshishini.

Enyanisweni, umbutho ufuna inkxaso-mali kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, imisebenzi kunye neeprojekthi. Kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba kukho inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso lwayo: ukusuka ekusungulweni ukuya ekuvuthweni.

Ebaleni sungula, inkampani idinga inkxaso-mali ukuphuhlisa iziseko zayo ezisisiseko, njengokuseka iifektri, ukuthenga oomatshini, njl.

Kwinqanaba le Ukukhula kwakhe, idinga inkxaso-mali yokwandisa imisebenzi yayo yoshishino ngokungena kumashishini adibeneyo kunye nokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kunye nokuxhasa ngemali iimfuno zayo zenkunzi yokusebenza.

Kule nqaku, Ndinikezela kuwe iBA yezemali zeshishini.

Yintoni i-Corporate Finance?

Imali yeshishini ibandakanya izigqibo zemali ezenziwa ngumbutho kwimisebenzi yawo yemihla ngemihla yoshishino. Ijolise ekusebenziseni inkunzi ekhoyo kwintlangano ukwenza imali eninzi ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kuncitshiswa iingozi zezigqibo ezithile.

Ke ngoko, izigqibo zoshishino ezibandakanya isigqibo esinxulumene nokuchongwa kwemithombo yemali eyinkunzi kwiinkampani ezixhasa ngemali zizigqibo zemali yoshishino.

Imali yeshishini ijongana nayo yonke imisebenzi yezemali eyimfuneko ekuqhubeni ishishini. Ngumsebenzi opheleleyo kwinkampani.

Kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kuya kubakho isebe lezemali elikhokelwa yi-CFO kunye neqela leengcali zezimali, eziza kulawula iimali zenkampani.

Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukuxela kwangaphambili, ukucwangcisa, ukumisela ubume bemali, ukunyusa imali eyaneleyo, ukuyila umgaqo-nkqubo wotyalo-mali, uthethathethwano lwezemali kunye nezigqibo zezahlulo zocwangciso.

Nangona kunjalo, kwishishini elincinci, usomashishini unokulawula lo msebenzi wemali ngokwakhe.

Ithetha ntoni imali?

Kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu, kufuneka siyazi indlela yokusebenzisa imali. Yile nto siyibize ngayo ezemali zobuqu. Kwimeko yamashishini, kubalulekile ukuba abanini bamashishini baphuhlise kwaye basebenzise iindlela zokucwangcisa ukuqinisekisa ubukho beshishini kwixesha elizayo.

Abatyali-mali kufuneka bafune imbuyekezo kwaye bafumane imbuyekezo, ngaphandle kokuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu.

Ukuqhuba ishishini elinempumelelo kuthetha ukwenza eyona mali uyifumeneyo. Yiyo loo nto abaninizabelo kufuneka babonelele ngenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo kutyalo-mali, ixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide.

Enye indlela yokunyusa inzuzo yenkampani "kukusebenzisa kakuhle" izixhobo zomnye umntu, oko kukuthi, ubuchule "bobuchwepheshaamandla ". Obu buchule buthatha ukuba imali ebolekiweyo ilawulwa kakuhle kwaye ke yenza ngcono kuneequity.

ekugcineni, ukufumana imali kukuqinisekisa izibonelelo zemali eziyimfuneko ekudalweni okanye ekusebenzeni kweshishini, umbutho, iprojekthi, njl.

Ubungakanani bemali yeshishini

Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zezimali zeshishini kukunyusa ixabiso labanini-zabelo. Umsebenzi weCFO kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimali ezifunekayo zokuqhuba ishishini ziyafumaneka.

Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemali, imali yeshishini isebenzisana nokudityaniswa, ukufunyanwa, kunye nemisebenzi enxulumeneyo echaphazela imali yenkampani. Ulawulo lweprojekthi, irhafu, ulawulo lokuhamba kwemali yeminye yeminye yemisebenzi yemali yequmrhu.

Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi ephambili yemali yeshishini ibandakanya ucwangciso lwezemali, umbutho wezezimali, utyalo-mali lwemali efunyenweyo kunye ne ulawulo lwemali.

Ucwangciso lwezemali

Ukucwangcisa ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wemali yeshishini. Imiba ephambili ibandakanya isixa-mali senkxaso-mali efunekayo, isixa-mali sokuqokelela kwimithombo yangaphandle, imithombo ekhoyo yokunyusa imali, kunye nendlela imali enokusetyenziswa ngayo ngenzuzo.

Ukuba iimali zicwangciswe kakuhle, ngoko ukuqhuba ishishini kuya kuba lula.

Umbutho wezezimali

Nje ukuba isixa-mali esifunekayo sigqitywe, umsebenzi olandelayo wezezimali zeshishini kukunyusa imali. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo yenkxaso-mali yeshishini ibandakanya:

• Iimali-mboleko kumaziko zemali
• Iimali ezivela kongxowankulu bamashishini
• Ii-ovadrafti zebhanki kunye nemali-mboleko yebhanki
• Yamkela idiphozithi eluntwini
• Umba webhondi kunye nezabelo
• Ikhredithi yorhwebo evela kubaboneleli
• Iimali zokubambisa kwipropati
• Ukurenta okanye ukuqesha-ukuthenga
• Inkxaso-mali evela kurhulumente okanye kwamanye amaziko

Utyalo-mali lweemali

Nje ukuba imali ifumaneke, kufuneka ityalwe kwishishini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu.

Kukho izinto ezimbini apha: inkunzi esisigxina et inkunzi yomsebenzi. I-Fixed capital ibhekiselele ekuthengweni kwe-asethi engatshintshiyo efana nomhlaba, izakhiwo kunye noomatshini.

I-working capital ibhekiselele kwiimali ezisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ukuthenga izinto eziphathekayo, ukuhlawula irenti kunye nomvuzo, njl. Ifunyanwa ngomahluko phakathi kwezibonelelo ezizinzileyo kunye nempahla esisigxina yenkampani.

Ulawulo lwemali

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokusetyenziswa kwemali yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulawula iimali kwishishini. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukonyusa ixabiso labaninizabelo yeyona njongo iphambili yezemali yeshishini.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Konke malunga nezezimali zokuziphatha

Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwemali, ukuthintela inkcitho kunye nokuxhatshazwa, kunye nokuzuza imbuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali yinto ekufuneka iqela lezemali ligxile kuyo.

Oku kubandakanya ulawulo lomngcipheko. Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya isoftware enokuthi isetyenziswe ukulawula imali ngokufanelekileyo.

Kutheni le nto imali yeshishini ibaluleke kangaka?

Izizathu zokuba kutheni imali yeshishini ibalulekile zezi:

• Okokuqala, kuyanceda ukwenza isigqibo. Nasiphi na isigqibo esithathiweyo kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ubukho bemali.
• Iinjongo zombutho, nokuba zezexesha elifutshane okanye elide, zine kufuneka inkxaso-mali. Nokuba yinzuzo, ukukhula kwabathengi; inkxaso-mali iyafuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo
• Emva koko, ivumela ukunyusa inkunzi efunekayo ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
• Okokugqibela, inkxaso-mali iyimfuneko ekwandiseni ishishini, ukwahluka, njl.

Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali, ishishini alinakusebenza. Ucwangciso lwezemali, ukunyusa ingxowa-mali, ukusasazwa kwazo nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo yimisebenzi yemali yeshishini.

Yintoni umsebenzi ongundoqo wemali yeshishini?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabahlalutyi abaninzi kunye neetycoon zenkampani. Izimali zeshishini zibhekisa kwinxalenye yeshishini yawo nawuphi na umbutho. Kulapho iindleko zichithwa khona ukwenza inzuzo.

Ikwabandakanya ii-asethi zoshishino ezigqithisileyo kunye nemali esetyenziswa njengesibambiso kwiimali-mboleko kunye nezinye iitransekshini.

EzeMali bubomi balo naliphi na ishishini. Inokucingwa njengenkqubo eneenxalenye ezine: imali yomntu, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenkunzi, ulawulo lwenkunzi esebenzayo, kunye nocwangciso lobuchule lwemali. Onke la macandelo ngamacandelwana emisebenzi yoshishino.

Impumelelo yeshishini ixhomekeke kwindlela elizisebenzisa ngayo izixhobo zalo. Kodwa yintoni umsebenzi ongundoqo wemali yeshishini? Lo mbuzo ubalulekile kuba usinceda siqonde imisebenzi yezemali yalo naliphi na ishishini.

Eyona ndawo iphambili yezemali yeshishini inokwahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe ngamacandelo amabini, imali yokuthengisa kunye nemisebenzi yeshishini lezemali. Inkxaso-mali yokuthengisa ibhekisa kwinkxaso-mali ekhuselwe zii-asethi zababoleki ezifana namakhaya, umhlaba, kunye nezinto ezenziweyo.

Imisebenzi yeshishini lezemali ibandakanya ukudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa, amashishini adibeneyo kunye nobunini befranchise. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweshishini kunye neshishini bukwabandakanya ukubolekwa kweshishini phakathi kwamagama, ulawulo lwepotfoliyo kunye ne-inshurensi yokubamba.

Ngaloo ndlela, sifumana imisebenzi yezemali eyenziwa ngamabhanki, iinkampani zemali, abathengisi, abahwebi, abatyali-mali kunye nabathengi bezixhobo zemali ezenza le misebenzi yemali.

Imidla yemali yeshishini

Imali yeshishini igxile kwiindidi ezine zezigqibo:

• Izigqibo zotyalo-mali, ehambelana nokufunda izinto zokwenyani (ezibambekayo okanye ezingabonakaliyo) apho inkampani kufuneka ityale imali.
• La isigqibo senkxaso-mali, abafunda ngokufumana imali (kubatyali-mali abafumana ii-asethi zemali ezikhutshwe yinkampani) ukuze inkampani ikwazi ukufumana ii-asethi egqibe ekubeni ityale kuzo.
• Izigqibo zokwahlulwa kufuneka ilungelelanise imiba ebalulekileyo yequmrhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthetha ukuhlawulwa kwenkunzi yentlalontle kwaye kwelinye icala kuthetha ukuhlutha inkampani kwimithombo yemali.
• izigqibo zolawulo, ezichaphazela izigqibo zemihla ngemihla zokusebenza nezemali.

Ukuqala kwinjongo engundoqo yemali yeshishini, ekonyusa ixabiso okanye ubutyebi kubaninizabelo, omnye wemibuzo engundoqo ugxile ekulinganiseni igalelo lesigqibo esithile kwixabiso labaninizabelo. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ukuxatyiswa kwe-asethi okanye iindlela zokuxabisa zenziwe.

Imali yoShishino vs Accounting

Ngokungafaniyo ne-accounting, efuna ukubonakalisa, ngokuthembekileyo kangangoko, imisebenzi yenkampani; imali igxile kwikamva layo, kodwa ngokufunda ixabiso.

Ngaba imali yeshishini iyimfuneko? Impendulo nguewe. Nazi ezinye iingenelo zale nkqubo:

• Inceda ukuthintela iziphumo
• Uyiqonde ngcono imiba yezemali
• Ikhokelela kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo zabatyali-zimali
• Imali yeshishini imele uqikelelo lwenyani yenkampani
• Ibonelela ngedatha yoqikelelo lweshishini kunye nolawulo

Eyona njongo ibalulekileyo yabaphathi benkampani kukuvelisa elona xabiso liphezulu linokubakho, oko kukuthi, ukukhuthaza inkampani. Xa i-capital etyaliwe ivelisa ireyithi yembuyekezo enkulu kuneendleko zayo, ngoko ixabiso liyaveliswa.

Iikhonsepthi eziphambili kwimali yeshishini

Ingxaki phakathi komngcipheko kunye nokubuya

Kwimali yeshishini, ngakumbi umtyali-mali elindele inzuzo, kokukhona ezimisele ukuthatha umngcipheko. Abatyali-mali bayingozi, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba elinikiweyo lomngcipheko, bafuna ukwandisa imbuyekezo.

Okunokuqondwa kwakhona njengenqanaba elinikiweyo lembuyekezo, bafuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ixabiso lemali ngokuhamba kwexesha

Kungcono ukuba nesixa semali ngoku kunokufana nakwixesha elizayo. Umnini wesibonelelo semali kufuneka ahlawulwe into ayenzayo ngaphandle kwesi sibonelelo.

Kwimeko yomgcini, yi umgangatho wenzala. Kwimeko yomtyali-mali, lizinga lembuyekezo okanye isivuno.

Ingxaki phakathi kokungabikho kwemali kunye nemfuneko yokutyala imali

Imali iyafuneka kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla (inkunzi yokusebenza) kodwa ngexabiso lokuncama utyalo-mali oluphezulu.

Iindleko zethuba

Cinga ukuba kusoloko kukho iindlela ezininzi zotyalo-mali. Ithuba lexabiso lizinga lembuyekezo yeyona ndlela ingcono yotyalo-mali ekhoyo.

Le yeyona ngeniso iphezulu engayi kufunyanwa ukuba imali ityalwe kwiprojekthi ethile ayifumanekanga.

Isenokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengelahleko umntu alungele ukuyicinga, ngokungakhethi ukhetho olubonisa eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusetyenziswa kwemali.

Inkxaso-mali efanelekileyo

Utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kufuneka luxhaswe ngeemali zexesha elide, njengoko utyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane kufuneka luxhaswe ngemali yexesha elifutshane.

Ngamanye amazwi, utyalo-mali kufuneka lungqinelane nenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo yeprojekthi.

Ukuxhamla (ukusetyenziswa kwetyala)

Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemali ezifunyenwe ngamatyala kunceda ukwandisa inzuzo yenkampani okanye umtyali-mali.

Umtyali-mali ofumana imali ebolekwe kwi-15%, umzekelo, kwaye izisa kwinkampani ehlawula i-20% kwithiyori, inyusa inzuzo yayo ngokusetyenziswa kakuhle kobutyebi bomnye.

Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lomngcipheko wotyalo-mali likwanyusa utyalo-mali, oluqhelekileyo lomsebenzi wokulinganisa imali okanye uqikelelo lwemali.

Ukwahluka okusebenzayo

Umtyali-mali osisilumko uyalwahlula utyalo-mali lwakhe lulonke ngokusasaza ubuncwane bakhe phakathi kotyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo. Ukwahlukana kunempembelelo yokusabalalisa umngcipheko kwaye ngoko ke ukunciphisa umngcipheko jikelele.

Isishwankathelo…

Imali yoshishino yinxalenye ye ezezimali njengoko ezemali zobuqu et imali yoluntu. Ijolise kwindlela iinkampani ezinokwenza ngayo kwaye zigcine ixabiso ngokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zemali.

Yindlela yokulawula inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu.

Ngokufanayo, ifuna ukonyusa ixabiso kubaninizabelo okanye abanini. Omnye wemibuzo esisiseko kwimali yeshishini uphathelele ukulinganiswa kwegalelo lesigqibo esithile kwixabiso labaninizabelo. Ukuxatyiswa kwe-asethi (i-accounting) okanye iindlela zokuxatyiswa kwe-asethi zenziwe.

Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula iimali zakho zobuqu kakuhle, yazi ukuba sinoqeqesho lweprimiyamu olukuvumela ukuba wonge ngcono, unciphise iindleko zakho, wenze utyalo-mali olufanelekileyo okanye wazi ukuba ungawulungiselela njani umhlala-phantsi wakho nokuba umvuzo wakho uphantsi.

Ungaluthenga uqeqesho lwethu kwi-Master imali yakho yobuqu uMqulu 1

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