Ziziphi ii-DApps okanye i-Decentralized Applications?

I-DApp (“i-Decentralized Application” okanye “i-decentralized application”) sisicelo sesoftware esisebenza ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo liqela labadlali abahlukeneyo. Ukuze isebenze, ixhomekeke kwinto enye okanye ngaphezulu iikontraka ezihlakaniphile, o.k. iiprothokholi zekhompyutha eziqinisekisa iikhontrakthi) ezisebenza kwi-blockchain enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isicelo esinatyisiweyo siza kunye nojongano lomsebenzisi olucacileyo, imodeli yokugcina idatha esasaziweyo, iprotocol yonxibelelwano lomyalezo. oontanga ukujonga, kunye nenkqubo yokusombulula amagama aphantsi kolawulo. Kwinqanaba lemali, i-Bitcoin inokuthathwa njengesicelo esinabileyo. Ukuchaswa nemibutho yekhredithi, uMenzi okanye uMdibaniselwano unokubonwa njengezicelo zokuboleka imali ezinatyisiweyo.

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngezi apps zintsha, funda kude kube sekupheleni.

Makhe siye

Imbali ye-DApps

Ii-DApps aziyonto intsha ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, inyaniso kukuba bebekunye nathi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20. Izicelo zokuqala zenethiwekhi yeP2P zaziwa ngokuba yiNapster, eMule okanye iBitTorrent. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulwazi olu fikelelo lweapps lokukhuphela lubekwe kuthungelwano lweendawo (iikhompyuter) eziyinxalenye yothungelwano lwabo.

Ukuba uqhagamshela ikhompyuter yakho kwinethiwekhi yeBitTorrent, uya kukwazi ukufikelela kwaye ukhuphele umxholo okwiikhompyuter zabanye abasebenzisi kwaye wenze umxholo wakho ufumaneke ukuze ukhutshelwe ngabanye.

Ingqikelelo yesicelo sokwabela amagunya iye yaqhubela phambili ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye ngo-2009 yathatha umtsi ngaphandle kokubuya umva. I-Bitcoin yazalwa, i-DApp yokuqala yehlabathi ukusebenzisa iBlockchain. Kakade ngo-2014, u-Ethereum wazalwa kunye nezinye iiprojekthi I-Blockchain 2.0 kunye ne-3.0 ilandelwe.

Kakade kwi-2014, wabona i-DApp yesibini usebenzisa i-blockchain, Ethereum. Ukusebenzisa ulwimi lweSolidity ukwakha iikhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile kuye kwanceda ukukhulisa obu buchwepheshe. Imfihlelo yempumelelo ilele kwizicelo ezinatyisiweyo ezilawulwa ngabasebenzisi hayi ziinkampani, umzekelo a ifana neFortnite elawulwa yinkampani kodwa iDecentraland i I-DApp inatyisiweyo kwaye ivuleleke elawulwa kwaye iphuhliswe ngabasebenzisi.

Ziziphi ii-DApps okanye i-Decentralized Applications

Ii-DApps okanye ii-Decentralized Applications luhlobo olulodwa lwezicelo ezisebenza ngokusekelwe kuthungelwano olunatyisiweyo lweekhompyutha okanye iikhompyutha. Idatha eveliswe sesi sicelo ibanjwe kuthungelwano lwekhompyutha olugcina olu lwazi lukhuselekile kwaye lufikeleleka.

Olu thungelwano olunatyisiweyo lu Itekhnoloji yeLedger ehanjisiweyo (DLT) ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-blockchain. Ukunika umzekelo olula, sinokucinga nge-DApp njengesicelo esaziwa njenge Facebook, Tinder okanye Robinhood kodwa endaweni yokusebenza kwiseva esembindini (ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ezininzi), isebenza kwinethiwekhi eyenziwe ngamawaka eenodi okanye iikhompyuter.

Izinto ezilungileyo ze-DApps kwisicelo esisembindini

1# Ukhuseleko

Inzuzo ephambili kukuba ukhuseleko lwesicelo. Inyani yokuba esi sicelo sisebenza kuthungelwano olwenziwe ngamawaka eenodi lunika ukhuseleko lokuba nokuba enye okanye iindawo ezininzi kuthungelwano olusebenza kuyo zisilela, zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza.

Oku akwenzeki kwimeko yesicelo esiphakathi esisebenza kwiseva ephakathi, kuba ukuba ihlaselwe, iya kuchaphazela ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo kwaye isicelo siyakuyeka ukusebenza. Ngaba ukhe waziva ngathi uWhatsapp wakho wayeka ukusebenza iiyure ezimbalwa? Kulungile kwenzeka ngenxa iseva esembindini ayiphumelelanga.

2# Basasazwe kumagunya

Nangona sele sihlomle ngayo amatyeli amaninzi, ukunatyiswa korhulumente luncedo olukhulu kwii-DApps. Ngokukodwa kwizicelo ekufuneka zibe nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyamezela iimpazamo.

Ukongeza, luncedo olukhuphisanayo oluya lukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuba inethiwekhi enkulu apho ithe i-DApp ixhaswa, ngakumbi iikhompyuter (okanye ii-node) ziya kubakho kwisistim kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuba angqubeke okanye ukuwa.

3# Zisekwe kwisoftware yasimahla

Okokugqibela, enye yeentsika ezinkulu okanye iingenelo ze-DApps kukuba ukwakhiwa kwazo kwaphuhliswa malunga nesoftware yasimahla. Oku kuvumela uluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi ukuba lubekho emva kwalo ukubonelela ngenkonzo kunye nenkxaso kwinethiwekhi, ngaphezu kokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokungafihli kunye nokhuseleko.

Umahluko phakathi kwesicelo esinatyisiweyo kunye nesicelo semveli

Umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zezicelo ukumanqanaba amabini: i-backend kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.

Umahluko kwi-backend

Umva ubhekisa ku “logic” yesicelo esenza ukuba isebenze. Kwimeko yezicelo zemveli, yonke le ngqiqo ibekwe embindini wekhompyuter okanye iseva.

Nangona kunjalo, kwi-DApps, i-backend iboshwe kwinkontileka ehlakaniphile ehamba kwi-Blockchain efana ne-Ethereum. Oku kunika olunye uthotho lweenzuzo ezifana nokusekwe kwiSivumelwano se-Smart, kunye nokuba zezi zivumelwano zoluntu ezihlakaniphile, inqanaba eliphezulu lokungafihli kunye nokhuseleko liqinisekisiwe.

Umahluko kugcino lwedatha

Into elandelayo apho sibona umahluko phakathi kosetyenziso lwemveli kunye nesicelo esinatyisiweyo kugcino lwedatha. Kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo ezibekwe embindini, idatha ihlala igcinwa kwikhompyuter esembindini okanye kwikhompyuter. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhlaselwa kule khompyutha ephakathi okanye iseva kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ayenzeki kwizicelo ezinikezelweyo apho idatha igcinwe kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter okanye ibhloko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yomsebenzisi ayisoze ilahleke.

Iindidi zezicelo ezinatyisiweyo

Ehlabathini le-DApps sifumana amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okanye iindidi ezi:

Inqanaba I dapps

Kweli nqanaba okanye ulwahlulo, sibandakanya izicelo ezinikezelweyo ezisebenza kwiBlockchain yazo.

Inqanaba II dapps

Kule nqanaba le-DApps sifumana zonke ezo DApps ezibanjwe kwi-Blockchain engaveli kwi-DApp ngokwayo kwaye esebenza ngokusekelwe kwiiTokens zabo okanye iiTokens zebhloko ezisebenza kuyo.

Inqanaba III DApps

I-Tier III DApps isebenzisa i-Tier II DApps ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Imizekelo yee-DApps ezilungileyo

Ukuphelisa esi sikhokelo malunga nokuba zeziphi izicelo ezinatyisiweyo, sivavanya ezona marike zinkulu.

Isicelo esinatyisiweyo: CryptoKitties

Mhlawumbi yeyona DApp idumileyo okhe wayiva kumajelo eendaba. I-Cryptokitties ngumdlalo wokuqokelela iikati zedijithali ezihonjiswe kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo.

Le yi-DApp ebanjwe kuyo iEthereum Blockchain (inqanaba le-DApp II). Yenye yezona zindala ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo baqhuma ekuthandeni ngo-2017 kunye no-2018 ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba baye baba yimarike enkulu yabaqikeleli ababone imarike yokurhweba enembuyekezo enkulu.

Nganye kwezi kittens zedijithali i-100% yodwa kwaye yeyomntu oyithengayo. Azinakuphinda zenziwe, zitshatyalaliswe okanye zibiwe.

Imarike yeCAD

Imarike ye-stablecoin sele igqithise kwi-100 leebhiliyoni dollar. Ke ngoko inani elikhulu lee-DApps ziphuhlisiwe kule marike. Omnye weyona mizekelo iphumeleleyo ngulowo weMarket DAO.

I-MarketDAO liqonga elikuvumela ukuba uthenge ezizinzileyo. Emva kwexesha unokuzidlulisela eqongeni kwaye ngokutshintshiselana bakunika imbuyekezo yonyaka esisigxina edla ngokujikeleza ngama-6%.

Ukuba uyaqaphela, umsebenzi ufana nebhanki. Ndifaka imali yam kwaye ngokutshintshiselana bandinika imbuyekezo. Ibhanki inokusebenzisa imali endibanike yona ukukhupha imali-mboleko kubantu besithathu ababuyisela inzuzo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Umahluko lowo MarketDAO (kunye namaqonga afanayo) azisa kwi-ecosystem kukuba aququzelele ukufikeleleka kweemveliso zemali. Umceli-mboleko akufuneki adlule kwiinkqubo ezinde nezifuna imvume yeziko lemveli elibolekisayo.

IPSE

IPSE sisicelo esisodwa kwindawo yayo. Linqanaba le-II DApp kunye ne-injini yokukhangela, njengaye Google, Yahoo!, Bing okanye Ecosia. Isekelwe kwi-Blockchain EOS.

IPSE yahlukile kwiibhrawuza zewebhu eziqhelekileyo esizisebenzisayo. Okokuqala, isebenzisa enye iprotocol kuneprotocol yeHTTP, IPFS (Interplanetary File System).

Ngaphandle komahluko weprotocol, i-IPSE ayifaki intengiso. Imodeli yayo yoshishino ayisekelwe kwiintengiso. Oku kutsha kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zokukhangela ezifana noGoogle nabanye.

Ekugqibeleni, umahluko wokugqibela kukuba i-IPSE izama ukomeleza kakhulu ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Ngale ndlela, i-injini yokukhangela ayiqokeleli idatha yomsebenzisi kuhlobo lophando olwenziweyo okanye kwiyiphi imeko eyenziwayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba umsebenzisi unqwenela ukufaka isandla ngokuzithandela kwidatha, baya kuvuzwa ngeethokheni ze-IPSE ezinokuthi zithengiswe kwimarike yesibini.

isiphelo

Imarike ye-DApps, njengemarike ye-blockchain, inomdla kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Baza kusizisa ixesha elitsha lamathuba anokuthi avelise izinto ezintsha kuwo onke amacandelo ajongene nenani elikhulu ledatha kunye nolwazi. Kodwa, njengakuyo nayiphi na itekhnoloji entsha okanye umkhwa, kufuneka ulungele kwaye uqeqeshwe kakuhle.

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