Lawula iindleko zeprojekthi ukwenzela inzuzo enkulu

Ulawulo lweendleko ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuso nasiphi na isicwangciso semali. Uhlala njani kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa ugcina umkhondo wemali yeprojekthi yakho? Njengokwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lobuqu, iindlela ezininzi zokhetho ziyafumaneka kuwe: hlela iindleko, misela ezona zinto zibiza kakhulu kwaye ufumane izisombululo zokunciphisa iindleko kwindawo nganye. Emva kokugqiba zonke ezi zenzo, uya kuba nakho ukulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukuhlalutya inzuzo yakho kunye nokwandisa inzuzo.

Imigaqo esisiseko yolawulo lweendleko iyafana kulo lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, nokuba lushishino okanye lobuqu. Kweli nqaku, Finance de Demain Consulting Icacisa ingqikelelo yolawulo lweendleko kunye nendlela engena ngayo kwinkqubo yolawulo lweendleko ezinkulu.

Yintoni ulawulo lweendleko?

Ulawulo lweendleko ngumgaqo wokuchonga nokunciphisa iindleko ezijolise ekwandiseni ingeniso yenkampani. Inokuthi iqhutywe kwinqanaba leprojekthi okanye kwinqanaba lenkampani yonke.

Kule meko, siya kugxininisa ekusebenziseni inkqubo yokulawula iindleko ngaphakathi kwesakhelo seprojekthi okanye iqela leeprojekthi.

Njengomphathi weprojekthi, ulawulo lweendleko luya kukunceda ukuba ubeke iliso kwisicwangciso sakho solawulo lwezibonelelo kwaye usabele ekugqithiseni kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ukuba uhamba phezu kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi yakho, isixhobo sokunika ingxelo sinokuza luncedo. Masithi umyili ozisebenzelayo omqeshileyo kwiprojekthi entsha uthathe ixesha elide kunokuba bekulindelwe ukuhlela imifanekiso.

Emva kokuchonga ezi ndleko zongezelelweyo, unokugqiba ekubeni uqeshe umyili wangaphakathi weprojekthi yakho elandelayo ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokufumana ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ukulawula iindleko kunokuwenza njani umahluko?

Ngaba iqela lakho liyasilela ukuhlangabezana nobubanzi beprojekthi okanye ibhajethi? Kulapho ukulawulwa kweendleko kubaluleke khona. Nokuba unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukulawula iindleko kunokukunceda ukuba unciphise ngakumbi kwaye ukwandise ingeniso endleleni.

Le nkqubo ibonelela ngokuqonda kwinkcitho yenkampani iyonke: iqaqambisa ezona ndawo zibiza kakhulu kwaye ichonge inkcitho kwindawo nganye kwezi.

Njengenyathelo lokuqala, ulawulo lweendleko lunokusetyenziswa kwiprojekthi ngenjongo yokunciphisa iindleko kwesi sikali kwaye ngaloo ndlela kube nokwandisa inzuzo yenkampani.

Zeziphi iindlela zokulawula iindleko?

Ekuqaleni, ukulawulwa kweendleko kunokwenzeka kumanqanaba aphezulu eshishini, kodwa kaninzi kwenzeka kwinqanaba leprojekthi. Kukweli nqanaba apho unokuvavanya khona iindleko ezichanekileyo ngeprojekthi nganye kwaye uzilawule ngokufanelekileyo.

Nanga amanyathelo amahlanu ekufuneka uwalandele ukulawula ngcono iindleko zeprojekthi:

1. Cwangcisa uqingqo-mali lwakho

Okokuqala, kufuneka ucwangcise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho ukuze ufumane uqikelelo lweendleko ezineenkcukacha kunye nokwaba izibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqulunqa isicwangciso seprojekthi esineenkcukacha kuya kunciphisa ukungafani kweendleko, umahluko phakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho lokuqala kunye neendleko zokwenyani.

Bandakanya kwisicwangciso sakho sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali:

• Inani lamalungu eqela afunekayo kwiprojekthi
• Uqikelelo lwexesha elifunekayo ukugqibezela iprojekthi
• Izinto ezifunekayo kulo msebenzi

Xa ubala ixesha kunye nezinto ezifunekayo kwiprojekthi, gcina uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho. Okungalindelekanga akuqhelekanga kwaye unokufuna ukwandisa ixesha leprojekthi okanye ucele izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo.

2. Beka esweni zonke iindleko

Inyathelo lesibini kulawulo lweendleko zeprojekthi kukubeka esweni inkqubela yeendleko zeprojekthi. Uya kukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa ngokulula ngakumbi ukuba ubona ukuguquguquka kweendleko ngexesha lokwenyani.

Ekupheleni kweprojekthi, kuya kuba emva kwexesha, imali iya kuchithwa. Kweli nqanaba, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukufunda kuyo ukuthintela le meko ukuba ingenzeki kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.

Ukubeka iliso ngempumelelo kwiindleko zakho ngexesha leprojekthi, seta imida yeprojekthi. Kwinqanaba ngalinye elibalulekileyo, unokuhlalutya iindleko zakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umda weprojekthi uyahlonitshwa. Kwaye ukuba ukhe waqaphela ukuba iindleko ziyadlula kwinqanaba elinikiweyo, ungafumana isisombululo sokuzinciphisa kamva kwiprojekthi.

3. Sebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula utshintsho

Kubalulekile ukumisela iinjongo ezicacileyo ngexesha lesigaba socwangciso seprojekthi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufezekise ezi njongo, inkqubo yokulawula utshintsho inokufuneka.

Ulawulo lotshintsho luluhlu lwamanyathelo alawula zonke iinguqu ezenziwe ngabachaphazelekayo ngexesha leprojekthi. Ikuvumela ukuba uthintele ukuhamba kweenjongo ngokulungiselela utshintsho ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba luvele, kwaye ke uhlengahlengiso lweprojekthi ngokufanelekileyo.

4. Izigaba zenkqubo yokulawula

ukuqala

Inkqubo yokulawula utshintsho iqala xa umntu ochaphazelekayo ecela utshintsho kwiprojekthi. Isicelo sinokwahluka: inokuba kukwandiswa kwemihla ebekiweyo okanye iiprojekthi ezintsha ezinokunikezelwa.

Uvavanyo

Umphathi weprojekthi okanye intloko yesebe ihlola isicelo solwazi olusisiseko, njengezibonelelo ezifunekayo, impembelelo yesicelo, kunye nabamkeli besicelo. Emva kovavanyo lokuqala, isicelo sotshintsho sihambela kwisigaba sokuhlalutya.

uhlalutyo

Ngexesha lokuhlalutya, umphathi weprojekthi ofanelekileyo uyasivuma okanye uyasikhaba isicelo. Kwezinye iimeko, ikomiti yokulawula utshintsho inokusekwa ukuze ilawule ukuvunywa kweenguqu. Umphathi weprojekthi uyasivuma okanye uyasikhaba isicelo, kwaye wazisa iqela.

Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beprojekthi, umphathi weprojekthi unokuphinda afake utshintsho kwilogi yokutshintsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abachaphazelekayo beprojekthi bafumana ulwazi.

Ukuphunyezwa

Ukuphunyezwa kotshintsho kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leprojekthi, kodwa ngokubanzi kubandakanya ukuhlaziywa kwexesha kunye nokuhanjiswa, kunye nokwazisa iqela leprojekthi.

Kuya kufuneka uvavanye umda weprojekthi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukutshintsha umda wexesha akuyi kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwiinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Ucingo

Emva kokubhalwa, ukusabalalisa kunye nokuphumeza isicelo, ungaqhubela phambili kwisigaba sokuvala. Kucetyiswa ukuba ube nesicwangciso esisemthethweni sokuvala ukuze onke amalungu eqela akwazi ukufikelela kwaye abhekisele kule ngcaciso kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokuphonononga ngempumelelo utshintsho kwiiprojekthi zakho, ulawulo lweendleko kufuneka luze ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukuqikelela uqingqo-mali ngokuchanekileyo kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi kubandakanya ukugcina ulawulo olunenkathalo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Iziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezisendleleni azinakuphepheka, kodwa ukusekwa kweenkqubo ezithile kunceda ekukhuseleni oku kunxaxha.

4. Lilawule ixesha lakho

Ulawulo lwexesha luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lweendleko: xa ixesha elipheleleyo leprojekthi linyuka, iindleko ezipheleleyo zeprojekthi nazo zinyuka. Ukuze ungagqithi kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunikiweyo, kufuneka ngaphezu kwako konke uhloniphe ishedyuli yeprojekthi.

Ukwamkela izicwangciso zokulawula ixesha ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokunceda amalungu eqela agqibezele umsebenzi ngexesha phakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Nanga amanye amacebiso olawulo lwexesha:

Ixesha lebhokisi

I-Timeboxing sisicwangciso sokulawula ixesha esijolise kwiinjongo esibandakanya ukugqiba imisebenzi ngaphakathi " ibhlokhi yexesha ».

umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukubhala iposi yeblogi, unokwenza ibhloko yeeyure ezimbini ukuyichaza. Emva koko, emva kwekhefu, unokubuyela kwenye ibhloko yeeyure ezintathu ukwenza idrafti yokuqala.

Ukuvala ixesha

Ukuvalwa kwexesha kuyafana nebhokisi yexesha, kodwa endaweni yokuseta ubungakanani bexesha lomsebenzi ngamnye, uya kuvala amaxesha athile kwikhalenda yakho yomsebenzi onxulumeneyo.

Indlela yePomodoro

Njengokubhoxiswa kwexesha kunye nokuvalwa kwexesha, ubuchule bePomodoro bukunceda ukuba ugqibezele imisebenzi yakho ngexesha elifutshane kwaye uthathe ikhefu phakathi kweeseshoni zomsebenzi.

umzekelo, sebenza imizuzu engama-25, emva koko uthathe ikhefu lemizuzu emihlanu izihlandlo ezine. Emva koko, emva kweseshoni yesine yomsebenzi, thatha ikhefu elide ukusuka 20 okanye 30 imizuzus.

ginya ixoxo

SNgokutsho kwesicatshulwa esidumileyo esivela kuMark Twain: "Ukuba kufuneka uginye ixoxo, kungcono wenze into yokuqala ekuseni." Isicwangciso solawulo lwexesha “Yitya isele” iphefumlelwe ngala mazwi kwaye ikukhuthaza ukuba unyamekele imisebenzi ebalulekileyo okanye entsonkothileyo kuqala ngaphambi kokuba usebenze kwizinto ezingabalulekanga okanye ezingangxamisekanga kangako.

Umgaqo wePareto

Isabizwa ngokuba yi 80-20 umthetho Lo mgaqo usekelwe kumgaqo osisiseko: sinikela i-20% yexesha lethu ekufezekiseni i-80% yomsebenzi. Ngokwenyani, ukukwazi ukwenza le 80% yemisebenzi ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ke ngoko kusishiya ixesha elingakumbi ngexesha lomsebenzi wethu wokukhathalela i-20% eseleyo eya kusithatha i-80% yexesha.

Ukwenza izinto (GTD)

Iqanjwe ngu UDavid Allen ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, indlela “ Ukufumana Izinto ezenziwe »okanye “Ukwenza izinto” ngesiFrentshi, icebisa ukwenza uluhlu lwemisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo ngokubhaliweyo kwangaphambili. Nje ukuba ukhululwe kwezi ngqwalasela, kunokuba uthembele kwizixhobo zokulawula umsebenzi, uya kuba nakho ukuthatha inyathelo ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba wenze ntoni.

Kungabonakala kuchasene nokugxila kwimveliso njengenxalenye yolawulo lweendleko, kodwa ukusebenza kweprojekthi sisiseko sokuhamba kwemali.

Ukuba iqela lakho alivelisi mveliso, awuyi kuhlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo yeprojekthi, kwaye ukusilela ukufikelela kwimihla ebekiweyo kuvelisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Ngokwengqiqo, ukuba iprojekthi yakho ixabisa ngaphezulu, ukuhamba kwemali yenkampani yakho kuyancipha. 

5. Track Ixabiso elifunyenweyo

Ukulandelela ixabiso olifumeneyo kunokukunceda uqikelele isiphumo semali yeprojekthi. Le ndlela yolawulo lweendleko ifuna ulwazi lokubalwa kweendleko. Inokukunceda ukuba ubone ukuqala kweendleko eziguquguqukayo kwaye ngoko uthintele ukungafani kwiiprojekthi ezizayo.

Ixabiso elifunyenweyo sisixa semisebenzi egqitywe ngaphakathi kwiprojekthi. Ukulandelela ixabiso elifunyenweyo kwaye ubone ukuba ukwishedyuli, kufuneka uphindaphinde ipesenti yemisebenzi egqitywe luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi.

Amanyathelo okulandelela ixabiso elifunyenweyo

Ukulandelela ixabiso elifunyenweyo, landela la manyathelo:

Inyathelo lesi-1: misela iqondo lokugqitywa komsebenzi ngamnye njengepesenti.

Inyathelo lesi-2: seta ixabiso elicwangcisiweyo (Ixabiso elicwangcisiweyo okanye iPV) okanye iindleko eziqingqelweyo zomsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo. Olu luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olugunyaziswe ukuphumeza umsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: misela ixabiso elifunyenweyo (Earned Ixabiso okanye EV), okanye iindleko eziqingqelweyo zomsebenzi owenziweyo. Lo ngumlinganiselo womsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngokwenene.

Inyathelo lesi-4: misela eyona ndleko (Iindleko ezizizo okanye i-AC), emele iindleko zokwenene zomsebenzi owenziweyo. Ezi ziindleko ezinxulumene nomsebenzi osele ugqityiwe.

Inyathelo lesi-5: bala iiyantlukwano zeendleko (Umahluko kwiindleko okanye iCV) ngokuthabatha ixabiso elifunyenweyo kweyona ndleko (i-CV = EV – AC).

Inyathelo lesi-6: qulunqa iziphumo.

Kumanyathelo amathathu okuqala, kufuneka uqokelele ulwazi lweendleko zeprojekthi yakho, ngelixa ezintathu zokugqibela, kufuneka wenze izibalo kunye nohlalutyo. Ukwahluka kweendleko kubonisa imeko yeendleko zeprojekthi yakho.

Xa ulawula iindleko, iCV yakho yimetric emisela ukuba iprojekthi yakho ilandelelwa kakuhle na ngokuchasene nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. A I-CV engalunganga kuthetha ukuba iprojekthi igqithile kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ngaba kufuneka ulawule iindleko okanye ulawule iindleko?

Kuqhelekile ukubhidanisa ulawulo lweendleko kunye nolawulo lweendleko. La ngamabinzana amabini ahlukeneyo ekufuneka achazwe kwaye aqondwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ulawulo lweendleko yinkqubo engaphantsi kwenkqubo enkulu yolawulo lweendleko.

Ngelixa ulawulo lweendleko lumalunga nokuchonga iindleko kunye nokunciphisa ukuba kwandiswe inzuzo, ulawulo lweendleko yinkqubo iyonke yoqikelelo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokulawula iindleko zeprojekthi.

Inkampani yakho mhlawumbi inabasebenzi abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kulawulo lweendleko. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beqela lakho, abantu abohlukeneyo banokusebenza kucwangciso lwezixhobo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ukulawula iindleko ezisebenzayo, amaqela kufuneka abeke iliso kwinkcitho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eshishini ukuze anikele ingqalelo eyaneleyo kwinxalenye nganye yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweshishini kwaye ayihlalutye ngokucokisekileyo.

Sebenzisa ulawulo lweendleko ukulandelela kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zeprojekthi yakho

Ukulandelela idatha yeendleko zokunciphisa inkcitho yeprojekthi yinkqubo edinayo, kodwa ulawulo lweendleko lunempembelelo ngqo kwinzuzo.

Ukuze ulawule ngokufanelekileyo iindleko, yenza ideshbhodi enokwenzeka ngokwezifiso ukuze ube nalo lonke ulwazi ezandleni zakho. Oku kuzenzekelayo kuya kukuvumela ukuba udibanise phakathi kolawulo lweprojekthi kunye nolawulo lweendleko, zonke kwindawo enye.

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