Yintoni omele uyazi malunga ne-indices market market?

Isalathisi sesitokhwe ngumlinganiselo wokusebenza (utshintsho lwamaxabiso) kwimarike ethile yezemali. Ilandelela ukunyuka kunye nokuhla kweqela elikhethiweyo leempahla okanye ezinye izinto. Ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kwesalathisi se-stock index kunika indlela ekhawulezayo yokubona impilo ye-stock market, ikhokela iinkampani zemali ekudaleni iimali zesalathisi kunye neengxowa-mali ezithengiswayo, kwaye kukunceda ukuba uhlolisise ukusebenza kotyalo-mali lwakho. Izalathisi zezabelo zikhona kuzo zonke iinkalo zeemarike zemali.

Isalathiso se-stock market sibonisa indlela abatyali-mali abacinga ngayo ukuba uqoqosho luqhuba. Iqokelela idatha kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo kuwo onke amashishini. Ngokudibeneyo, le datha yenza umfanekiso onceda abatyali-mali bathelekise amanqanaba exabiso langoku kunye namaxabiso adlulileyo ukubala ukusebenza kweemarike.

Ezinye ii-indices zigxininisa kwi-subset encinci yemarike. Ngokomzekelo, Isalathisi seNasdaq silandelela icandelo lezobuchwepheshe ngokusondeleyo. Ke ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ziqhuba njani iinkampani zetekhnoloji, unokufuna ukujonga Nasdaq stock index.

Ii-indices zikwahluka ngobukhulu, kunye nokulandela umkhondo we-stocks kwaye abanye balandele amawaka. Isalathisi ngasinye sisebenza ngenjongo ekhethekileyo kuba abatyali-mali abohlukeneyo banomdla kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngamafutshane, kweli nqaku Finance de Demain ichonge isixa esithile solwazi kwii-indices ze-stock market. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale, nalu uqeqesho olupheleleyo kurhwebo lwe-intanethi.

Makhe siye

Zisetyenziselwa ntoni izalathisi zesitokhwe?

Izalathisi zesitokhwe zinokuba luncedo ekulandeleni izizathu ezininzi eziphambili:

• Ukulandelela ezona mpawu zesitokhwe zilandelwa kakhulu kunokukunikar ingcamango jikelele yempilo yemarike yemasheya nje.
• Ukulandelela imikhondo engaziwa kangako kunokukunceda ubone ukusebenza kwecandelo elithile lemarike xa kuthelekiswa nemarike iyonke.
• Ukuba awufuni ukutyala imali kwizitokhwe zomntu kodwa ufuna ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kwimarike jikelele, ngoko ke indlela eyongayo yokufumana imbuyekezo eyomeleleyo ekuhambeni kwexesha kukutyala imali kwimali yesalathiso elandelela izalathisi zesitokhwe onomdla kakhulu kuzo.

Izalathisi zesitokhwe zenza kube lula ukwazi ukusebenza kwemarike ngaphandle kokulandela ukunyuka nokuhla kwesitokhwe ngasinye. Bakwavula amathuba alula otyalo-mali abanokuthi nabatyali-mali be-novice bangasebenzisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimpumelelo yexesha elide ye-stock market.

Zakhiwa njani izalathisi zesitokhwe?

Isalathiso semarike yemasheya nganye sisebenzisa indlela yaso yobunini ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iinkampani okanye olunye utyalo-mali ekufuneka luqukiwe.

Izalathisi ezilinganisa ukusebenza kwemimandla emikhulu yemarike zinokubandakanya kuphela iinkampani ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokwemali yemalike eyinkunzi, okanye ixabiso lilonke lazo zonke izabelo zazo ezingekahlawulwa. Ngaphandle koko, banokukhethwa yikomiti yeengcali okanye bavele bamele zonke izitokhwe ezirhweba ngokutshintshiselana okuthile.

Nje ukuba umphathi wesalathiso egqibe ukuba zeziphi iinkampani amazibandakanye, kufuneka emva koko agqibe ngendlela ezo nkampani zimelwe ngayo kwisalathiso, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-index weighting.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo, zonke iinkampani ezibandakanyiweyo kwisalathiso zinokuba nefuthe elilinganayo ekusebenzeni kwesalathisi okanye impembelelo eyahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kwi-capitalization yemarike okanye ixabiso lesitokisi.

Ezona modeli zintathu zixhaphakileyo zokulinganisa isalathisi zezi:

Ubunzima ngokwemalike yemalike: kwi-market-cap-weighted index, isalathiso simela ngamandla amasheya anemali ephezulu yeemarike. Ngolu lwakhiwo, iinkampani ezinkulu zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesalathisi.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Yintoni umqulu weprojekthi kwaye yintoni indima yawo?

Ilingana nobunzima: ngesalathiso esinobunzima obufanayo, isalathisi siphatha onke amalungu ngokufanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwenkampani nganye kuchaphazela isalathiso ngendlela efanayo, nokuba zikhulu ngokumangalisayo okanye iinkampani ezincinci ngokumangalisayo.

Ubungakanani besifundo: isalathisi esinexabiso lexabiso linika inkampani nganye ubunzima obuhlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwixabiso layo langoku. Iinkampani ezinamaxabiso aphezulu ezitokhwe zinobunzima obuninzi kula ma-indices, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani babo.

Izalathi eziphambili zeemarike zemasheya

Kukho amawaka ezalathisi kwindalo yotyalo-mali. Ukukunceda ufumane iibheringi zakho, nantsi imikhondo eqhelekileyo onokuthi udibane nayo:

I-S&P 500 Index

Enye yee-indices ezaziwa kakhulu, i-S & P 500 ilandelela ukusebenza kweenkampani eziphezulu ze-500 zase-US, njengoko kunqunywe yikomiti ye-S & P Dow Jones Indices. I-S&P 500 sisalathiso esinobunzima beemalikethi.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Lawula iindleko zeprojekthi ukwenzela inzuzo enkulu

Umyinge weDow Jones Industrial (DJIA)

I-DJIA inobubanzi obumxinwa, ilandelela ukusebenza kweenkampani ze-30 zase-US ezikhethwe ngu. Iindices ze-S&P Dow Jones. Izitokhwe ngaphakathi kwe-DJIA zivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kukhathalelo lwempilo ukuya kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa zidityaniswe yinto yokuba zonke ziyi-blue chip stocks.

Oku kuthetha ukuba banerekhodi yokusebenza ngamandla kwezemali. I-DJIA yenye yee-indices ezimbalwa ze-stock-weighted stock.

INasdaq 100

I-Nasdaq 100 ilandelela ukusebenza kwe-100 yezona zixhobo ezinkulu kunye nezona zisebenza ngokusebenzayo ezidweliswe kwiNasdaq stock exchange. Iinkampani zeNasdaq zinokusuka kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi zigxile kubuchwepheshe kwaye azibandakanyi nawaphi na amalungu oshishino lwemali. I-Nasdaq 100 isebenzisa ubunzima bemalike yemarike.

IIsalathiso esihlanganisiweyo se-NYSE

I-NYSE Composite Index yinkcazo ebanzi elandelela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitokhwe ezithengiswa kwiNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Ilinganiswa ngenkunzi yemalike elungisiweyo.

URussell 2000 Index

Ngelixa ezinye ii-stock indices zijolise kwiinkampani ezinkulu kwicandelo elithile, uRussell 2000 ulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-2 yeenkampani ezincinci zelizwe ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. I-Russell 000 yi-marketing capitalisation indexed indexed.

I-Wilshire 5000 Isalathiso seMarike iyonke

I-Wilshire 5000 iyonke i-Market ilandelela ukusebenza kwayo yonke i-stock market yase-US. Isalathiso silinganiswe yimalike yemalike.

Indlela yokufunda isalathisi sesitokhwe?

Ixabiso langoku lesalathiso alifane libe yindawo ephambili yedatha. Endaweni yoko, lutshintsho lwexabiso kwithuba lexesha (imihla ngemihla, ngeveki, ngenyanga, ngekota, ngonyaka) eyona nto iluncedo kakhulu kubatyali-mali.

Umzekelo, masisebenzise i-NASDAQ 100 index ekhankanywe ngasentla. Masithi kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, i-index ye-NASDAQ inyuke ngomyinge we-12% ngonyaka. Umyinge wembuyekezo ye-NASDAQ index kwixesha le-50 leminyaka yayiyi-9%.

Oku kuthetha ukuba imarike iqhuba ngcono kunembali yayo icebisa. Oku kungabonakalisa kubatyali-mali ukuba sikwimarike yenkomo yempahla.

Kodwa ukusebenza kwesalathiso kubuchaphazela njani ubomi bakho?

Ngexesha elifutshane, ukusebenza kwesalathisi asiyonto ibalulekileyo kwipotfoliyo yakho. Kodwa njengomtyalo-mali wexesha elide, ukusebenza kwesalathisi kubalulekile. Ukuba utyala imali kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo okanye ezinye iipotfoliyo ezilawulwa ngokusebenzayo, kubalulekile ukubona ukuba utyalo-mali lwakho luqhuba njani xa kuthelekiswa nebenchmark yazo.

Unokutyalwa kwiimali / kwizitokhwe ezidlula i-S & P 500 kunye nezinye i-indices. Okanye unokuba nepotifoliyo ebambezela ukusebenza kwemarike. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba imali yesalathiso inokuba sisithuthi esingcono sotyalo-mali kwindlwane yakho yeqanda.

Isalathisi sobunzima

Isitokhwe ngasinye kwisalathiso sabelwe umlinganiselo. Izitokhwe ezinobunzima obuphezulu zinempembelelo enkulu kwiintshukumo zesalathiso kunezo zineeweightings ezisezantsi. Izalathisi ngokubanzi zabela iintsimbi kwizitokhwe zazo ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:

Izalathi zexabiso ukunika ubunzima obuninzi kwiinkampani ezinamaxabiso aphezulu esitokhwe. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hypothetical index ye-stocks ezintathu ezixabisa i-$ 70, i-$ 20 kunye ne-$ 10, i-$ 70 yesitokisi iya kumela i-70% yesalathisi esipheleleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani benkampani. I-Dow Jones Industrials ngumzekelo obaluleke kakhulu wesalathisi esinexabiso.

Izalathisi ezinobunzima bemarike ukunika ubunzima obuninzi kwiinkampani ezinemali ephezulu yemalike. i S&P 500 kunye neNasdaq Composite zombini zinobunzima beemarike, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu ezifana neApple kunye neMicrosoft ( I-NASDAQ: I-MSFT ) banobunzima obukhulu kuneenkampani ezincinci ezenza i-indices.

Izalathi ezinobunzima obulinganayo yabela ubunzima obufanayo kwisitokhwe ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi na ixabiso, i-capitalization yemarike okanye nayiphi na enye into.

Inqaku eliza kufundwa: Konke malunga nezixhobo zemali

Kukho ezinye izalathisi zesitokhwe ezisebenzisa iindlela zobunini ukuseka iiweightings. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye ii-indices zabela iiweights ezisekelwe kwi-dividends ezihlawulwe sisitokhwe.

Ubukhulu becala, nangona kunjalo, ii-indices ze-market-weight-weighted indices zithandwa kakhulu, njengoko zihlala zilula kakhulu kwiimali zesalathisi zokulandela umkhondo.

Sishiyele uluvo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ndikushiye, ndingathanda ukunazisa kolu qeqesho lweprimiyamu oluya kukuxelela Ulenza njani ishishini lakho kwi-Intanethi.