Yazi yonke into malunga nezezimali?

Ezemali ngowona mxholo ubalulekileyo ekufuneka ugutyungelwe. I-accounting kunye nezezimali zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye, kwaye abanye bade bacinge ukuba ziyafana. Kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.

Enyanisweni, imali ligama elibanzi elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ulawulo lwemali kunye nenkqubo ebandakanyekayo ekufumaneni imali. Imali ibandakanya iibhanki, ikhredithi, utyalo-mali, ii-asethi kunye namatyala enza iinkqubo zemali.

Iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zezemali ziphuhlise amaziko, iinkqubo, imigangatho kunye neenjongo ezikhethekileyo: Imali yeShishini, ezemali zobuqu et ezemali zoluntu.

Kumazwe athuthukileyo, ulwakhiwo olunabileyo lweemalike zezemali kunye namaziko akhoyo ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno zale mimandla ngokudibeneyo ngokwahlukeneyo. Ke, masiqonde ukuba yintoni na imali?

Kodwa kuqala, ndingathanda ukunazisa kolu qeqesho lweprimiyamu olukunika izakhono.iingcebiso zokuphumelela ishishini.

Makhe siye

🥀 Yintoni Imali?

Izimali kukwabiwa kwee-asethi, amatyala, kunye neemali ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinkqubo, kunye namajelo eendaba ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwishishini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukulawula okanye ukuphinda-phinda iimali ukuya kokona kulungileyo umdla ngelixa ujongene nemingcipheko kunye nokungaqiniseki.

Imali inxulunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo nemali kuba iyindlela yotshintshiselwano. Icandelo lezemali liyinjini yoshishino lwezoqoqosho, lwentlalo kunye nolawulo. Ukusuka kulondolozo lwemali ukuya kumaziko emali nakwirhafu karhulumente ukuya kubulungisa, umsebenzi wemali unokubonwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo.

Nazi ezinye iinkcazo eziqhelekileyo zemali:

• Kwezoqoqosho, ezemali licandelo lezoqoqosho elijongene nolwabiwo, ulawulo, utyalo-mali, kunye nokufumana izibonelelo.
• Kwishishini, imali ichazwa njengokunyuswa kwemali ngokukhupha nokuthengisa izitokhwe okanye amatyala.
• Kwisayensi, imali ibandakanya ukudala, ukulawula kunye nokufunda imali. Ikwabandakanya iibhanki, ikhredithi, amatyala, ii-asethi kunye notyalo-mali.
• Iingcali zichaza imali njengokwabiwa kwee-asethi ngabantu abasebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile nezingaqinisekiswanga. Bakholelwa ukuba ii-asethi zixatyiswa ngokwenqanaba lomngcipheko kunye nesantya sembuyekezo yazo.
• Ngokusekwe kwimbono yeenkqubo, ezemali ziquka iinkqubo zezimali ezifana namaziko karhulumente, abucala kunye namaziko karhulumente. Ikwalufundo lwezimali kunye nezixhobo zemali.

🥀Imigaqo enxulumene neshishini lezemali

Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwamagama kunye nezihloko ezinxulumene neenkqubo zemali. Nalu uluhlu lwezinye zazo onokuthi udibane nazo kushishino:

• Umngcipheko kunye nokubuya
• inzuzo
• imeko yemali
• Izabelo
• Imali yokuziphatha
• Iindleko zemali
• Ukuhamba KWEMALI
• Umgangatho wenzala
• Izahlulo
• Yima kancinci

Ngoku makhe sifunde ngakumbi malunga iintlobo ezintathu zemali. Masiqale ngezimali zobuqu, emva koko ezemali zeshishini kwaye ekugqibeleni, ezemali yoluntu

🥀 Yintoni iMali yoMntu?

Izimali zobuqu zilawula iimali zomntu okanye iimali kwaye zibancede bafezekise iinjongo zabo zogcino notyalo-mali abazinqwenelayo. Izemali zobuqu zijolise kumntu ngamnye kwaye izicwangciso zixhomekeke kwingeniso yomntu ngamnye, iimfuno, iinjongo, ixesha, njl.

Imali yobuqu iquka ukutyala imali kwimfundo, izinto ezifana nezindlu, iimoto, iipolisi zeinshorensi yobomi, i-inshorensi yezonyango nezinye, ukonga, nolawulo lweendleko.

Ngokukodwa, imali yomntu siqu ibandakanya:

• Ukukhuselwa kwiziganeko zobuqu ezingalindelekanga nezingaqinisekanga
• Ukudluliselwa kobutyebi kwizizukulwana zosapho
• Ulawulo lwerhafu kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu (inkxaso yerhafu okanye izohlwayo)
• Ukulungiselela umhlala-phantsi
• Lungiselela iindleko zexesha elide okanye ukuthenga okubandakanya isixa esikhulu
• Intlawulo yemali-mboleko okanye ityala
• Utyalo-mali kunye neNjongo zoKwakha uButyebi

Ngaba uyafuna ukulawula iimali zakho zobuqu ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni? Kulungile, nantsi ikhosi yoqeqesho lweprimiyamu epheleleyo esiyilwe ukuze ukwazi ukuba yi ROI yezemali zakho zobuqu.

🥀 Yintoni i-Corporate Finance?

Imali yeshishini ibandakanya ukuxhasa ngemali iindleko zeshishini kunye nokwakha ubume beshishini.

Ijongana nomthombo weemali kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezi nkxaso-mali, njengokwaba imali yezibonelelo kunye nokunyusa ixabiso lenkampani ngokuphucula imeko yezemali.

Izimali zenkampani zijolise ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso phakathi komngcipheko kunye nethuba kunye nokunyusa ixabiso le-asethi. Inkxaso-mali yeshishini ibandakanya:

• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu, Nantsi ukwenza ucwangciso lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
• Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule obusemgangathweni ixabiso loshishino okanye ukhetho lokwenyani ixabiso
• Chonga umthombo wenkxaso-mali ngendlela yokulingana, i-equity, ababolekisi, amatyala
• Qinisekisa ukuba luncedo kwengeniso engathintelwanga kutyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo, ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi okanye ukuhanjiswa kwabaninizabelo
• Ukufumana kunye notyalo-mali kwizabelo okanye ezinye ii-asethi
• Chonga usukelo, amathuba afanelekileyo kunye nemiqobo
• Ulawulo lomngcipheko kunye ingqwalasela yerhafu
• Umba wezabelo phezu kwe-IPO kunye noluhlu lotshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe

🥀 Yintoni iMali yoLuntu?

Olu hlobo lwenkxaso-mali lubotshelelwe kumazwe, oomasipala, amaphondo okanye imimandla, ngokufutshane, kwiimali ezifunwa ngurhulumente. Ibandakanya izigqibo zotyalo-mali zexesha elide ezinxulumene namaqumrhu oluntu.

Izimali zoluntu zithathela ingqalelo imiba efana nolwabiwo lwengeniso, ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho. Iimali zivela ikakhulu kwiirhafu, iimali-mboleko kwiibhanki okanye kwiinkampani zeinshorensi.

Iimali zoLuntu ziquka:

• Ukuchongwa kweendleko efunwa liziko likarhulumente
• Imithombo yengeniso yequmrhu loluntu
• Qinisekisa inkqubo uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nomthombo wemali
• Ukukhutshwa kwetyala kwiiprojekthi zoluntu
• Ulawulo lwerhafu

Amanye amagama amabini adumileyo kwezemali yimali encinci kunye neyorhwebo lwezemali.

🥀 Yintoni microfinance?

I-Microfinance ibonwa ngakumbi kwi-engile ye-microcredit. Olu hlobo lwenkxaso-mali lulungiselelwe ngokukodwa abantu abangenako ukufikelela lula kwiinkonzo zemali zemveli. Aba bantu baquka abangaphangeliyo kunye nabantu abaphuma kumaqela amkela imivuzo ephantsi, abafazi, njl.

Iibhanki zinokude zibonelele ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nee-akhawunti zokulondoloza imali, i-inshorensi encinci kunye noqeqesho. Eyona njongo iphambili yemali encinci kukunika aba bantu ithuba lokuzimela.

Ababolekisi basoloko benika iimali-mboleko emva kokudibanisa ababoleki ukuqinisekisa amathuba angcono okubuyisela. Isixa-mali sembuyekezo yezi microcredits siphezulu kuneso senkxaso-mali eqhelekileyo ngenxa yomngcipheko obandakanyekayo.

IMicrofinance ibandakanya:

• Jonga i-akhawunti et ukonga ebhankini
• Iinkqubo zemfundo kwimigaqo yotyalo-mali
• Uqeqesho kwizakhono ezinjengobalo-mali kunye nokugcinwa kweencwadi, kubandakanywa ulawulo lokuhamba kwemali, iingxelo zengeniso, njl.
• Uqeqesho olusisiseko lolawulo lwemali
• Izifundo malunga nemigaqo yezemali kunye neekhonsepthi ezifana nezinga lenzala, ukuhamba kwemali, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, amatyala, njl.

🥀Yintoni iMali yoRhwebo?

Imali yorhwebo ibandakanya iinkonzo zemali kunye nezixhobo ezenza kwaye ziququzelele urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ilungele abarhwebi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle ukuba benze iintengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe ngokucutha umngcipheko kurhwebo lwehlabathi.

Imali yorhwebo inganceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa norhwebo lwehlabathi ngokulungelelanisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zomrhwebi kunye nomrhwebi.

Imingcipheko enxulumene norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kukuguquguquka kwemali, ukungahlawulwa kweqela, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, i-solvency yamaqela, njl. Imali yorhwebo ibandakanya umntu wesithathu ukuba agqibezele intengiselwano, aphelise ukukhangela kunye nomngcipheko wentlawulo.

Kwimali yorhwebo, umrhwebi ufumana intlawulo ngokwesivumelwano kwaye umntu othenga kumazwe angaphandle angafumana uncedo lwetyala ukuze azalisekise umyalelo worhwebo. Ngaphandle kokukhusela imingcipheko, ukungahlawuli kunye nokungafunyanwa kwempahla, imali yorhwebo nayo iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nengeniso.

Ivumela ishishini ukuba lifumane intlawulo yemali esekelwe kwiimali ezifunyenweyo zorhwebo kuba ibhanki yomthengi iqinisekisa intlawulo. Oku kukwaqinisekisa iintlawulo ngexesha kunye nokuthunyelwa okuqinisekisiweyo kwempahla.

🥀 Ziziphi izixhobo zezemali?

Ukuzuza kwiinkonzo zemali, umntu okanye inkampani idinga izixhobo zemali. Isixhobo sezemali sisivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini kwaye sibandakanya imisebenzi yemali.

Les izixhobo zemali ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo zotyalo-mali okanye ngeenjongo zokuboleka nokuboleka. Izixhobo zemali zihlelwa njengezixhobo zeMali okanye njengezixhobo eziphuma kwezinye:

🥀 Yintoni i-Cash Instruments?

Ixabiso leCash Instruments limiselwa ngamandla emarike. Izixhobo zemali zizixhobo ezidluliswa ngokulula phakathi kwamaqela. Ezi zinokuba zizibambiso, iimali-mboleko okanye iidiphozithi.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zemali ezifumanekayo kwimarike ziziqinisekiso zeediphozithi, izivumelwano zokuphinda zithengwe njengerepo, amatyala otshintshiselwano, imali-mboleko ye-interbank, iphepha lentengiso, izibambiso ze-elektroniki kunye nezinye ezininzi.

🥀Ziziphi izinto eziphuma kwi-derivatives?

Ixabiso le-Derivative Instruments lithatyathwe kuqingqo-maxabiso lwelinye iziko elinokuba yi-asethi, okanye isalathiso, okanye nayiphi na enye into enokuba nefuthe kwixabiso lezinto eziphuma kuyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokuphuma ezifumanekayo kwiimarike kwixesha elizayo, phambili, ukutshintshwa kunye nokhetho.

Izixhobo zemali zikwahlelwa ngokodidi lwazo lwee-asethi. Izixhobo zemali zingasekwe ematyaleni okanye kwi-equity-based.

Isixhobo esisekelwe ematyaleni siza ngohlobo lwemali-mboleko ethi iqela elikhuphayo lithi kubatyali-mali. Ngelixa izixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-equity zibonisa ubunini obusekwe kwisabelo sobulungisa esibanjwe ngumtyali-zimali.

Izixhobo zemali ezisekelwe ematyaleni ziquka iibhondi, iibhondi zexesha elizayo kunye nokhetho, ukutshintshwa kwenzala, amatyala kaNondyebo, ikamva lenzala kunye nezivumelwano zentlawulo yemali ethunyelwa ngaphambili .

🥀 Yenza ikhondo lezeMali

Intsingiselo yezemali, inkcazo kunye neempawu ziya kuba zingaphelelanga ngaphandle kokujonga imisebenzi ekhoyo kwishishini lezemali. Nalu uluhlu lweendlela ezili-10 zezemali:

1. ibhanki yorhwebo

Banking Commercial inika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zemali ezifana ukujonga ii-akhawunti, ii-akhawunti zokonga kunye nezibonelelo zemali-mboleko kubantu kunye namashishini.

Ezona zikhundla zidumileyo kwiibhanki zokuthengisa ngumhlalutyi wetyala, igosa lemali-mboleko, umthengisi webhanki, umgcini-mali webhanki, umphathi wesebe, kunye ne-trust officer.

Iibhanki zorhwebo zenza indawo yokukhula njengoko abasebenzi besiya kwizikhundla eziphezulu ngemivuzo endilisekileyo.

2. Inkxaso-mali yoshishino

Izimali zenkampani zijolise ekulawuleni imisebenzi yemali yenkampani. Imalunga nokunyusa imali kunye nokuhambisa ezo mali ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo yeshishini. Ngokuxhomekeke kolu khetho unokuba ngunondyebo, umlawuli wezezimali, Umhlalutyi wezeMali okanye umphathi werhafu.

3. ibhanki yotyalo-mali

Eli likhondo eliphezulu lezemali kwishishini. Ibhanki yotyalo-mali ijongene neentengiselwano eziphambili, ukudityaniswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwezibambiso ezifana nezitokhwe, izabelo kunye neebhondi ezithengwa ngabatyali-mali kwimarike.

Iibhanki zotyalo-mali zinceda ekunyuseni imali kumashishini, oorhulumente kunye namaziko. Ikhondo lomsebenzi kwibhanki yotyalo-mali likhuphisana kakhulu, lifuna ubuchule kwizakhono zezimali ezinezakhono ezibalaseleyo zothethathethwano kunye nokuzithemba.

Kukho izahlulo ezininzi ibhanki yotyalo-mali enokusebenza kuyo. Basenokusebenza njengomhlalutyi wophando olusemgangathweni, izibambiso zokurhweba kwimarike.

4. I-inshorensi

I-inshurensi ikhusela abantu kunye namashishini kwiingozi neemeko ezinokubakho. Iindima ezidumileyo kwi-inshurensi ziquka ummeli weentengiso ze-inshurensi, ingcali yenkonzo yabathengi, okanye umntu obala umngcipheko kunye nezinga eliqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezinokwenzeka eziqokelelwe kwiindlela zemali.

5. UPhando ngoBulungisa

Elinye ikhondo eliphambili kwezemali luphando lwe-equity. Uphando lwe-Equity lujongene nohlalutyo olunzulu lwesitokhwe, ukuxatyiswa kunye nomzekelo wemali wenkampani.

Umhlalutyi wophando lwe-equity unceda abatyali-mali benze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zemali, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kutyalo-mali. Umhlalutyi ucebisa utyalo-mali lokuthenga, ukubamba okanye ukuthengisa kubatyali-mali.

Kwakhona benza iingxelo zophando kunye noqikelelo. Ukugqwesa kule ndawo, uya kufuna umonde omkhulu kunye nenqanaba elongezelelweyo leenqobo zokuziphatha.

6. Ulawulo lobutyebi

Xa kuthelekiswa notyalo-mali lwebhanki, ulawulo lobutyebi lugxile ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zezimali kwabafumileyo nabatyebileyo. Ulawulo lobutyebi luchazwa nje njengolawulo lwemali.

Abaphathi bobutyebi benza imali ngokubiza iintlawulo ngeenkonzo abazenzayo. Kulawulo lobutyebi, abathengi banokulawula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kunye nokufikelela kwirhafu, indawo kunye nesicwangciso somhlalaphantsi.

7. Iimali-mboleko/iimali-mboleko

Imali mboleko sisenzo sokubonelela ngeenkonzo zemali-mboleko kubantu abanqwenela ukuthenga indlu okanye ipropati. Lowo ubolekayo kufuneka ayibuyise loo mboleko kunye nenzala ekuhambeni kweminyaka de abe ngumnini wepropati.

Abarhwebi bezindlu zokuhlala bazibonakalisa njengabalamleli phakathi kwamaziko emali kunye nabo banokuba ngabanini-zindlu. Abathengi banikwa iinketho zemali-mboleko kubabolekisi abaninzi.

Abathengi bathelekisa iimali-mboleko kwaye bakhuphe iinkcukacha zabathengi zezimali nezengqesho. Ii-mortgage brokers zikhokela abathengi kwiindlela zabo zokuboleka imali kwaye baqinisekise ukuba inkqubo ihambelana nemithetho nemigaqo.

8. Uphicotho

Uphicotho-zincwadi lubhekiselele kuhlolo, uvandlakanyo, uvavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwemali ukuseka iingxelo zemali. Le nkqubo yezemali inceda ekulawuleni imali, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukwandisa ingeniso kunye nokwenza izigqibo zoshishino.

Iqinisekisa ukuba abantu kunye namashishini bathobela iikhowudi zerhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali.

Abaphicothi-zincwadi banokusebenza kwicandelo likarhulumente, imibutho yezemali kunye neeyunivesithi. Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zabaphicothi-zincwadi: umphicothi-zincwadi wangaphakathi, umphicothi-zincwadi wangaphandle, umphicothi-zincwadi karhulumente kunye nomphicothi-zincwadi wenkundla.

9. Accounting

Ubalo-mali lubandakanya uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ingxelo yezemali yemihla ngemihla, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yokukhula kwalo naliphi na ishishini. Iingcali zoCwangciso-mali zinokusebenza njengabaphathi bezemali, abaphicothi-zincwadi, abacwangcisi bemali, kunye nabagcini-mali bolawulo.

10. Unondyebo

Imali ijongene nokuba nako kwezemali kulo naliphi na ishishini ukuze libe nempumelelo kunye nokusebenza ngendlela eyiyo kweshishini. Inika uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwekamva kwaye ibikezele iimali eziyimfuneko kwishishini.

Iingcali zikaNondyebo zinamathuba ohlukeneyo emisebenzi abanokukhangela kuwo. Banokusebenza kwimibutho emikhulu okanye emincinci kwihlabathi jikelele. Nokuba leliphi ishishini, ezi ngcali zinokusebenza naphi na.

Ngoku, ukuba ufuna izibonelelo zemali ezingaphezulu zokulawula ngcono kwaye uqonde iimali zakho, ndwendwela ivenkile yethu kwaye ukhuphele iikhosi zoqeqesho zePremium ezinomdla kuwe.

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